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Volcano By Sophie Foulkes
Earths Plates The earth is broken in to a lot of plates which are actually large slabs of rock. Underneath these slabs of rock, is lava. Lava just like water, moves, making the plates move. Try to imagine what would happen if these plates moved, some would move away from each other, and some would move towards each other.
Earth Plates What happens when the plates move away from each other? When the plates move away from each other, there forms a line going down to the lava. This line is called a fault. Faults usually appear in the ocean rather then on land. (volcanoes can be under water) The lava is now exposed to the ocean, and because heat rises, the lava travels upward. At the bottom of the ocean the water is very cold. The lava lasts about three seconds and then turns to rock. The newly formed rock falls to the ocean floor. This process repeats itself and the rock builds and builds until it is a volcano. After a long period of time, the volcano may reach the surface of the water and the volcano may become an Island. That is how Hawaii was formed.
Earth Plates What happens when the pates move towards each other? The plates in the earth are very strong. When they push against each other, They build lots of preasure. Once the preasure becomes critical one of the plates will over lap the other. Mountains may form when the plate on top, point upward. Lava is now able to seep through the crack and create a volcano as I explained in my earlier slide.
Location of Volcanoes Where are volcanoes located? Volcanoes are located on the faults of the plates. Where there is cracks in the earth. These places are highly dangerous. The ring of fire is a long line of volcanoes, around the Pacific plate.
Types of Volcanoes How many types of volcanoes are there and what are their names? There are four main types of volcanoes. There is, Cinder Cones, Composite Volcanoes, Shield Volcanoes, and Lava Domes.
Cinder Cones What are cinder cone volcanoes? The simplest type of volcano is the cinder cone volcano. It has one vent (tube) running through it. This is where the lava erupts out of. This volcano is mostly built from solidified lava (cinders). The cinder cone volcano has a cone shaped mouth.
Composite Volcanoes What are composite volcanoes? Composite volcanoes are very high and can reach up to 8,000 feet above there base. Mount Fuji in Japan, Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Shasta in California, Mount Hood in Oregon, and Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier in Washington are all famous composite volcanoes. Composite volcanoes are called that because they are built of alternating lava and rock.
Shield Volcanoes What are Shield Volcanoes? Shield volcanoes tend to be wide and short, Making it look like a shield. What makes them different from other volcanoes is that when the lava comes out of the vent, it does not have much trapped gasses. This means it will not have much of an explosion but will slowly have lava pour down its sides.
Lava Domes What are Lava Domes? The difference between this type of volcano and other types is that these volcanoes, inside there craters have almost a mini volcano. A smaller mound of hardened lava (rock) sits on the bottom of the crater and is where the lava is coming up from the ground. This dome is destroyed when a violent eruption occurs.
Magma What is magma? Magma is extremely hot rock that liquefies in to some thing very similar to lava. What is the difference between lava and magma? Magma is found deep inside the earth, while lava is the liquid that shoots out of a volcano.
Bibliography • http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone • http://www.universetoday.com/27904/types-of-lava/
