1 / 35

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Learn about photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into oxygen and carbohydrates, including the role of chloroplasts, pigments, ATP, NADPH, and the Calvin Cycle. Understand factors affecting photosynthesis like light intensity, temperature, and water availability.

maryanna
Download Presentation

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  2. Photosynthesis • Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & Starches

  3. The Photosynthesis Equation

  4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS = sac-like photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids membranes inside chloroplast THYLAKOIDS GRANUM (pl. grana)

  5. SPACES THYLAKOIDSPACE STROMA Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding thylakoid sac Gel-filled space Inside the thylakoid sac cytoplasm Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

  6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS Proteins that are part of the thylakoid membrane organize ________________________________ into clusters called _____________________ Light absorbing PIGMENTS PHOTOSYSTEMS

  7. Pigments • In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments • Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs • Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

  8. Light and Pigments • Light Contains A Mixture Of Wavelengths • Different Wavelengths Have Different Colors

  9. Light & Pigments • Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light • Energy from light “excites” electrons in the plant’s pigments • Excited electrons carry the absorbed energy

  10. Oxygen Light & Water ATP NADPH Light-Dependent Reaction PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Independent Reactions

  11. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS ATP SYNTHASE INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE ↓ PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ELECTRON TRANSPORTSYSTEM ↓ PHOTOSYSTEMI OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA

  12. WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I? It was discovered and named 1st PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ↓ PHOTOSYSTEMI

  13. REMEMBER DIFFUSION? Molecules move automatically from where there’s A LOT to where there’s NOT

  14. Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

  15. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS SEE A MOVIEATP SYNTHASEIN ACTION

  16. LIGHT THYLAKOID membranes LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION Requires ______________ Pigments that absorb light are part of ____________________________ Made up of ____________________________ connected by ______________________________ & ___________________ Uses light energy to create _______ and _________ Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________ PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ATP SYNTHASE ATP NADPH H20 oxygen

  17. Light & Water Oxygen ATP NADPH Light-IndependentReactions CALVIN CYCLE Carbon Dioxide (CH2O)n Light-Dependent Reaction PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  18. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

  19. Calvin Cycle (8E) Video 5 • Click the image to play the video segment.

  20. Calvin Cycle CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6-Carbon Sugar Produced See Calvin cycleanimation Sugars and other compounds

  21. LIGHT INDEPENDENT DOES NOT LIGHT STROMA CALVIN CYCLE (also called _________________________) ____________ require ____________ Happens in the _________ between thylakoids NADPH donates ________________________ ATP donates _________________ CO2 donates ____________________ to make __________ Hydrogen + electrons ENERGY Carbon & oxygen GLUCOSE http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  22. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis slow or stop Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG

  23. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop Conifers in winter may carry out photosynthesis only occasionally TEMPERATURE http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg

  24. REMEMBER CELL BIO pH temperature Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________. Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC or TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________ DENATURE http://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

  25. Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function. Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html

  26. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis LIGHT INTENSITY ____________________ More light increases rate of photosynthesis up to a certain level until plant reaches its maximum rate of photosynthesis See effect of light experiment http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

  27. THE BIG PICTURE OXYGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides the _____________ we breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive sugars Carbondioxide Sugars WATER Oxygen _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

  28. Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of

  29. Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes ATP Stroma NADPH High-energy sugars ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of

  30. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS • Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis: • The students will be able to: • explain the biochemical processes that a plant uses in photosynthesis • explain the role ADP-ATP cycle has within the chloroplast of the cell (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the light reaction (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)

  31. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things • 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. • Photosynthesis and respiration • ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts

  32. Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors

  33. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: photosystems, photophosphorylation, Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle

  34. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. 9-12.L.1.2A. (Synthesis) Describe how living systems use biofeedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. 9-12.L.1.4A. (Application) Identify factors that change the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions.

More Related