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Exploring the Scientific Method in Marine Biology History

Delve into the historical aspects of the scientific method in marine biology, from Aristotle's early observations to modern research tools like ROVs and sonar. Learn about significant expeditions and marine labs that shaped our understanding of ocean life.

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Exploring the Scientific Method in Marine Biology History

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  1. Scientific Method: Case Study

  2. Scientific Method Field Observations vs. Controlled Experiments • Field Observations (in situ) • Natural setting • Uncontrolled variables • Examples? • Controlled Experiment (usually ex situ) • Fewer uncontrolled variables • Test one or a few variable(s) at a time • Artificial setting (especially ex situ)

  3. Scientific Method

  4. History

  5. History • Early History • Aristotle – Described forms, recognized gills • Explorers (Eriksson, Columbus, Magellan, Drake) – Learned about winds, currents, physical characteristics

  6. History • Early History • Cook (1768-1779) – Took full-time naturalist on crew • Darwin (1831-1836) – Sailed on HMS Beagle • Collected plankton • Proposed theory of coral atoll formation • Studied and described barnacles

  7. History • Oceanographic Expeditions • Began in mid 1800s • Edward Forbes (British) • Father of Biological Oceanography • Sampled sea floor life extensively • First to recognize that different organisms are found at different depths • Before Forbes’ time, many people regarded the deep ocean as azoic • Early work by Rosses showed life on deep sea floor

  8. History HMS Challenger Expedition: 1872 – 1876

  9. SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) Modern Marine Biology SONAR (SOund NAvigation Ranging)

  10. Modern Marine Biology Marine Labs • Stazione Zoologica (Naples) • Founded in 1872 by German scientists • Marine Biological Lab (Plymouth, England) • Founded in 1879 • Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole) • Established in 1888 • Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SD) • Opened in 1903 • Hopkins Marine Station (CA) • Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory (WA)

  11. Modern Marine Biology DSV Alvin R/V Thomas G. Thompson R/V FLIP Oceanographic Research Vessels

  12. Modern Marine Biology ROV Jason Theseus IFREMER AUV

  13. Modern Marine Biology Remote Sensing

  14. Geography

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