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Scientific Method

This PowerPoint lesson on the Scientific Method provides a comprehensive overview of the steps involved in conducting scientific research. It covers the importance of making observations, forming testable hypotheses, designing experiments, collecting data, drawing conclusions, and retesting to verify results. The lesson emphasizes the role of control variables, independent variables, and dependent variables in conducting valid experiments. It also highlights the significance of organizing and analyzing data, as well as the importance of making multiple trials for each independent variable. By the end of this lesson, students will have a clear understanding of how to approach and solve problems using the Scientific Method.

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method

  2. Look Up! You’ll Never Know What You’ll Learn

  3. Objectives: Topic: Ppt. Lesson on Scientific Methods Do: Write a 2-paragraph (10 sentences) YES!!! 10 sentences of your understanding of the topic.

  4. Steps in the Scientific Method • Observation • Hypothesis • Experiment • Data Collection • Conclusion • Retest

  5. Observations • Gathered through your senses • A scientist notices something in their natural world

  6. Observations • An exampleof an observation might be noticing that many salamanders near a pond have curved, not straight, tails

  7. Hypothesis • A suggested solution to the problem. • Must be testable • Predicts an outcome

  8. Prediction • a form of hypothesis • Sometimes written as If…Then… statements • Ex.: If the dog is panting, then it must be hot outside.

  9. Hypothesis • An example of a hypothesis might be that the salamanders have curved tails due to a pollutant in the moist soil where they live.

  10. Experiment • A procedure to test the hypothesis.

  11. Experiment Variable – factor in the experiment that is being tested

  12. Experiment A good or “valid” experiment will only have ONE variable!

  13. Scientific Experiments Follow Rules • An experimenter changes one factor andobserves or measureswhat happens.

  14. The Control Variable • The experimenter makes a special effort to keep other factors constant so that they will not affect the outcome. • Those factors are called control variables.

  15. What is the Purpose of a Control? • Controls are NOT being tested • Controls are used for COMPARISON

  16. Other Variables • The factor that is changed is known as the independent variableor manipulated variable. • The factor that is measured or observed is called the dependent variableor responding variable.

  17. Example of Controls & Variables • For example, suppose you want to figure out the fastest route to walk home from school. • You will try several different routes and time how long it takes you to get home by each one. • Since you are only interested in finding a route that is fastest for you, you will do the walking yourself.

  18. What are the Variables in Your Experiment? • Varying the route is the independent variable • The time it takes is the dependent variable • Keeping the same walker throughout makes the walker a control variable.

  19. One more thing… it is best to make several trials with each independent variable.

  20. Remember: To be a Valid Experiment: • Two groups are required --- the control & experimental groups • There should be only onevariable

  21. Data • Results of the experiment • May be quantitative (numbers) or qualitative

  22. Data • Must be organized • Can be organized into charts, tables, or graphs

  23. Conclusion • The answer to the hypothesis based on the data obtained from the experiment

  24. Retest In order to verify the results, experiments must be retested.

  25. Review:Solving a Problem 1)Identify a Problem 2) State Observations about the problem 3) Form a Hypothesis about the problem (if…then…) 4) Design an Experiment to test the hypothesis 5) Collect Data 6) Form a Conclusion 7) Retest

  26. The End • Write a 2-paragraph (10 sentences) YES!!! 10 sentences of your understanding of the topic.

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