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Buddhism: History, Beliefs, and Practices

Explore the rich history and core beliefs of Buddhism, the 4th largest religion worldwide with 380 million followers. Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in 525 BCE, Buddhism emphasizes the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path as guiding principles to end suffering and achieve enlightenment. Discover the key elements of Buddhism, including karma, reincarnation, and the absence of a caste system. Uncover the differences between Theravada and Mahayana branches, and delve into the concept of death, afterlife, and the pursuit of nirvana in Buddhism.

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Buddhism: History, Beliefs, and Practices

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  1. Buddhism

  2. History of Buddhism • 380 million Buddhists worldwide • 4th largest religion in world • Started by Siddhartha Gautama: 525 BCE in India • Born into the Brahmin caste • Saw suffering and wanted to change it • Eventually achieved enlightenment

  3. Four Noble Truths • Suffering is universal. • Cause of suffering is desire. • The only way to end suffering is to crush desire. • Nirvana:Freedom from the cycle of birth and death. • The way to end desire is to follow the Noble Eightfold Path. There is a path to the cessation of suffering, the “eightfold path” of right views, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.

  4. Elements of Buddhism • No gods. • Priests were not necessary. • No caste system. • Karma. • Reincarnation. • Teachings are located in the Three Baskets of Wisdom

  5. Two types of Buddhism • Theravada:Stressed the monastic life as the way to reach nirvana • Respected Buddha as a teacher but not as a god • Ceylon, Myanmar, Thailand • Mahayana:Worshipped the Buddha and other enlightened ones as gods • China, Tibet, Japan, Korea

  6. Death and Afterlife • Samsara: Living beings are trapped in a continual cycle of birth-and-death, with the momentum to rebirth provided by one’s previous physical and mental actions • The release from this cycle of rebirth and suffering is the total transcendence called nirvana

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