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Chapter 11.3

Chapter 11.3. Genetic Changes. Mutations. Sudden genetic change Point mutations Frameshift mutation Chromosomal mutation. www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img. www.catpaws.dk/images/mutation.jpg. Point Mutation. Single base pair in DNA Ex: Normal – AUG AAG UUU GGC

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Chapter 11.3

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  1. Chapter 11.3 Genetic Changes

  2. Mutations • Sudden genetic change • Point mutations • Frameshift mutation • Chromosomal mutation www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img

  3. www.catpaws.dk/images/mutation.jpg

  4. Point Mutation • Single base pair in DNA • Ex: Normal – AUG AAG UUU GGC Point - AUG AAA UUU GGC • Happens at a single point, you point to one thing.

  5. Frameshift Mutation • Addition or deletion of a single base • Ex: Normal – AUG AAG UUU GGC Frameshift – AUG AAG UU GGC Think KEYBOARD

  6. Chromosomal Mutation • Change in chromosomes • Causing nondisjunction (to many or not enough parts) – failure of chromosomes to separate • Trisomy – extra chromosome • Monosomy – missing chromosomes • Triploidy – an extra set - plants mostly

  7. Source: www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/.../MUT/Mut.Types.html

  8. Mutations • Some mutations can be positive – mutation may make an organism faster, stronger • Mutations may be passed on if it occurs in reproductive cells, will not be passed on however in nonreproductive cells (skin, muscle, or bone.)

  9. Mutagen • Any agent that can cause a change in DNA

  10. Causes of Mutations (Mutagens) • Error in DNA • Radiation – x-ray exposure, gamma radiation, cosmic rays, UV, nuclear • Chemicals – dioxins, asbestos, benzene, cyanide, formaldehyde, radioactive chemicals

  11. Results of Mutations • Birth Defects • Cancer

  12. Repairing DNA • Enzymes proofread the DNA and replace incorrect nucleotides with correct ones

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