The Civil War: Battles, Emancipation, and Societal Impact

2. Let’s review for a second…

3. The war began on April 12, 1861 • Fort Sumter • The South fired first

4. Virginia secedes • So does Robert E. Lee

5. Lincoln asks 75,000 men to volunteer for 3 months to bring the Southern states back into the Union

6. In the East… • In July, 1861, the North suffers an embarassing defeat at First Bull Run • McClellan takes command of the Army of the Potomac, and trains his troops

7. By Spring 1862, Grant wins the first big Northern victories at Shiloh and Nashville

8. McClellan finally moves to attack in that stupid idea with the boats

10. Lee invades Maryland to try and impress the British and French • He’s on a roll, and divides his forces

11. The orders are wrapped in a cigar, dropped, and found by Northern troops • Battle of Antietam

13. The battle is a draw • McClellan’s too slow and doesn’t chase Lee • Lincoln fires him

14. Chapter 17: The Tide Turns

15. Frederick Douglass has been asking Lincoln to emancipate the slaves since the war started • The war is dragging on, more people are dying, and Lincoln has a big problem

16. Abolitionists Britain and France The Army The border states (slave states) The Constitution The Supreme Court Lincoln’s balancing act

17. Lee retreating back into Virginia gives Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation proclamation • It states that slaves in the Confederacy are now free

18. This makes no sense • 1: You can’t free slaves in territory you don’t control • 2: Why doesn’t the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves in the border states?

19. 1: You can’t free slaves in territory you don’t control • Northern troops in Southern states can free the slaves in areas that they control

21. 2: Why doesn’t the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves in the border states? • Lincoln doesn’t have the authority to free the slaves • Congress has to make a law, Lincoln has to approve it, and the Supreme Court must approve it, remember?

22. BUT…. • Since this is war, the President is Commander in Chief • This is a military decision, it weakens the South • No slaves on the farms, no cotton, no food for the Southern troops

23. The Emancipation Proclamation didn’t actually free many slaves at all. • It was a symbolic gesture

25. Some things did change… • Britian and France applaud the Proclamation, and stop supporting the Confederacy • Black troops can now join the Army

26. In the South… Now not only will the Confederacy have to fight Northern troops, it will have no support from Britian or France, it will have to keep the slaves from escaping or revolting, and face black troops on the battlefield

27. African – American soldiers • Often had the worst jobs, and were paid less • The 54th Massachusetts changed this through their bravery

29. The assault on Fort Wagner, and William H. Carny’s actions led to over 180,000 black men joining the U.S. Army

30. Section 2: War Affects Society

31. It’s now 1863 • The war’s been going on for two years now • Suffering not only out on the battlefields, but also at home.

32. In both North and South, food is getting more and more scarce • Most soldiers are farmers • Worse in the South • Trains are being used to move troops, not food to the markets • The Army takes what it wants

33. The Richmond Bread Riots

34. People in the South are beginning to grow weary of the war • Confederate soldiers are beginning to leave the army in increasing numbers

35. The Confederate states begin to argue under the strain • States’ rights is holding them down

36. In the North, Lincoln has to deal with Northern Democrats who want peace with the South • These are called Copperheads

38. Lincoln has some war protestors arrested and held without trial • This is AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION

39. Both North and South need more men, and both sides pass conscription laws • All men 18-45 must join the army • You know it as a draft

40. It didn’t apply to the rich (it never does) • You could hire a substitute to fight for you • “A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”

41. The war also raised prices on everyday stuff (inflation) • Worse in the South • 9,000% rise in prices

42. First income taxes are established to pay for the war • Taxes on how much you make

43. New paper currency – greenbacks • Named for the color • We still have them

45. Slaves in the Civil War • Slaves that couldn’t be freed by Union troops could still do damage to their masters • Sabotage • Running away • Revolt

46. By the end of the war, half a million slaves escape to the North

47. Women in the Civil War • Nurses, spies, scouts

48. Civil War Prison Camps • Food shortages • Diseases • Cramped conditions