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Stem Cells : Therapeutic Perspectives

Stem Cells : Therapeutic Perspectives. @ Pankaj Prasad Department of Molecular & Human Genetics BHU, Varanasi. “ The phenomenon of life itself negates the boundaries that customarily divide our disciplines and fields.” Hans Jonas (1966). Stem Cells??. Definition.

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Stem Cells : Therapeutic Perspectives

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  1. Stem Cells : Therapeutic Perspectives @ Pankaj Prasad Department of Molecular & Human Genetics BHU, Varanasi

  2. “ The phenomenon of life itself negates the boundaries that customarily divide our disciplines and fields.” Hans Jonas (1966)

  3. Stem Cells??

  4. Definition “ A Stem cell is a clonal, self-renewing entity that is multipotent and thus can regenerate several differentiated cell types.”

  5. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

  6. Embryonic stem cells

  7. James A. Thomson The Thomson Laboratory

  8. Sources of embryonic stem cells • In – vitro Fertilization (IVF) • Nuclear transfer • The largest potential source of blastocysts for the stem cell research is from IVF clinics. • As all fertilized eggs are not implanted, it results in a large bank of “excess” blastocysts, stored in freezers around the globe.

  9. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT)

  10. Adult stem cells

  11. Sources of adult Stem Cells

  12. Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells

  13. Shinya Yamanaka, M.D., Ph.D. Professor,Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences

  14. Next generation iPS cells

  15. Kevin C. Eggan Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Stowers Medical Institute

  16. Epigenetic reprogramming Konard Hochedlinger had shown that it is possible to create mouse iPS cells using an adenovirus in place of the retroviruses previously used. Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Massachusetts General Hospital

  17. Transdifferentiation Refers to the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another and considered a subset of metaplasia. Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University Howard Hughes Medical Institute

  18. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)

  19. Cancer stem cells Current cancer therapies may fail because cancer stem cells have not been eradicated. leave patients prone to recurrence. Pulling out a weed while leaving the roots.

  20. Origin of cancer stem cells

  21. Treatment

  22. Stem cell niches Scadden D.T. Nature 2006

  23. Scadden D.T. Nature 2006

  24. Quiescence stem cells Quiescence Slow cell cycling of stem cells Unresponsive to many chemotherapeutics that typically target rapidly proliferative cells

  25. Zebra fish : Model system for stem cell research Harvard Magazine

  26. Role in basic research

  27. NIH, U.S.

  28. Stem cell research centers

  29. Stem cell research in India

  30. Stem cells Banks

  31. Major BMT centers in India Bone Marrow Transplantation (2008 Bone Mar08

  32. Law Moral values Ethics

  33. Peer review

  34. “Human reproductive cloning should not be practiced. It is dangerous and likely to fail.” Scientific and medical aspects of human reproductive cloning. National Academic Press, 2005.

  35. Conclusion • Stem cell research is being pursued in the hope of achieving major medical breakthroughs. • Currently only a few diseases are treatable with stem cell therapies because scientists can regenerate only a few types of tissues. • Future fundings will provide more insights into the mechanisms regulating the stem cell pluripotency.

  36. References

  37. Thanking you

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