Knowledge Translation Curriculum

1. Knowledge Translation Curriculum Module 1: An Introduction to KT Lesson 1 - Knowledge Translation: The Basics

2. Knowledge Translation at the overlap of Research and Policy Processes Research Policy KT

3. KT: a social process • part philosophy:how do we know what we know? • part anthropology: why did the worlds of science and policy evolve so separately? • part sociology: how do we make the collective decisions we make? • part social science: what are the major issues we require more knowledge on? • part political science: what mechanisms can better unite science and policy? • part luck and part chance

4. The traditional knowledge production process Proposal Development Publication Problem Identification Funding Research Project

5. The KT-infused knowledge production process open access multiple funders, including public sector collaborative multi-disciplinary; peer-review; grey lit Research Project Funding Publication involving end users; collaboration Proposal Development Database Change easily accessed Priority Setting Policy Development Synthesis findings incorporated into bigger picture: systematic reviews, policy briefs involving multiple stakeholders evidence weighed alongside other influential factors; policy response to identified priorities formulated, implemented, evaluated possible starting point

6. The typical policy process Policy Formulation Policy Adoption Problem Identification Policy Implementation Policy Evaluation

7. The KT-infused policy process synthesize how research evidence, best practice, experience, expert opinion etc. can potentially inform policy development priority-setting exercise with multiple stakeholders with multiple stakeholders Problem Identification, Clarification Identification of Policy Options Dialogue Policy Evaluation Policy Formulation Social Change identifies new priorities Dialogue Policy Implementation Policy Adoption reviewing systemic implications; weighing all inputs with research component to assess, tweak policy

8. The Four Spheres of KT Knowledge Management research made available and accessible Knowledge Synthesis Knowledge Production Change tailor, combine, broker & disseminate set priorities; conduct research Knowledge Utilization adopt, adapt, apply & demand

9. KT Definitions • “the exchange, synthesis and ethically-sound application of knowledge - within a complex system of interactions among researchers and users - to accelerate the capture of the benefits of research for Canadians through improved health, more effective services and products, and a strengthened health care system.” (CIHR 2006; 2009). • “KT is an ongoing interactive human process of critically considering relevant, quality research results and findings, whether factual or tacit knowledge or humanistic understanding, blending this broader researcher-based knowledge with experiential knowledge and contextual appreciation, and constructing a shared understanding and knowledge application to advance the quality of health care” (McWilliam 2007).

10. KT Definitions • engaged scholarship: collaborative research teams of researchers and practitioners “have the potential to ground and understand complex problems in ways that are more penetrating and insightful than they would be were either scholars or practitioners to study them alone” (Van de Ven and Johnson 2006): • knowledge is a matter of perspective • a richly complex “context dictates the realm of the possible” (Contandriopolos et al 2010). • KT is “a context-shaped process creating cycles of evidence-informed policy and policy-informed evidence designed to generate social change”.

11. KT Frameworks (Ward et al 2010) Problem Knowledge Context Interventions Solution

12. KT Frameworks (Graham et al 2006) Monitor Knowledge Use Select, tailor, implement interventions Evaluate Outcomes KNOWLEDGE CREATION Knowledge inquiry Knowledge synthesis Assess barriers to knowledge Use Tailoring Knowledge Knowledge tools/ products Sustain Knowledge Use Adapt knowledge to local context Identify problem Identify, review, select knowledge ACTION CYCLE (application)

13. KT Frameworks (Lavis et al 2006) Policy-makers Policy-makers Researchers Researchers Push efforts User Pull efforts Researchers Policy-makers Researchers Policy-makers KT Platform Integrated efforts Exchange efforts

14. Major KT Approaches • end-of-grant KT:researcher designs and implements a strategy to disseminate research findings to key research users. Done on completion of research. E.g. peer-reviewed paper, conference presentation, press release. • integrated KT: knowledge users involved in the design, implementation and findings of research projects. Encourages co-production processes of both research and policy. E.g. KTPs, Rapid Responses, multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder research projects. • KT science:what works in KT, for whom, and under what circumstances?