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The Impact of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System

The Impact of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System . Biography. My Name is: Al- Majid Adams Born in: Ghana Grew up In Europe. I chose this topic because is very personal to me. I lost my Father and my Grand father to this “Silent Killer”

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The Impact of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Impact of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System

  2. Biography • My Name is: Al- Majid Adams • Born in: Ghana • Grew up In Europe. • I chose this topic because is very personal to me. • I lost my Father and my Grand father to this “Silent Killer” • Why do I have normal BP when 60% of my family are on BP medication?

  3. Overview • What is High Blood Pressure/Hypertension • What are the factors that cause HBP? • Impact of exercise on HPT. • Literature Review (I,II & III). • Objectives • Methods • Results • Conclusions. • Future Research. • Over all Conclusion • Acknowledgements. • Reference Page • Take Home Advice • Questions.

  4. Background • Hypertension is one of the leading cause of death in America and the world as a whole. • HTN estimates an economic cost of 350 billion dollars per year • Hypertension cause problems in the cardiovascular system but it also precipitates into other known diseases. • Exercise have proven to be the most effective non-pharmacological way of reducing HPT. Without no known side effects.

  5. Hypertension? • Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) equal to and greater than 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal to and greater than 90 mmHg. • Risk factors of hypertension can be seen in blood pressure (BP) as low as 115/75 mmHg and will begin to double in risk for every 20/10 mmHg increase.

  6. Components of the Cardiovascular System/Causes of HBP

  7. First Literature Review The Effect of Resistance Exercise on Recovery Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Borderline Hypertensive Women Objective • The purpose of this investigation was to examine recovery blood pressure following a single bout of moderate resistance exercise in normotensive and borderline hypertensive women.

  8. Resistance Training

  9. Method & Materials • 16 women between the ages of 35 and 55 years participated in the study. • Participants were either Normotensive or Borderline hypertensive. • The study was carried in a three separate session, took place in the afternoon • Participants perform 3 circuit of resistance training follow a 60 min seated recovery. • Blood pressure was taking afterwards.

  10. Results/Resistance Exercise

  11. Results of Both Exercise Combine

  12. Conclusion • In this study there was a slight reduction on the SBP after 60 minutes of recovery following a moderate aerobic exercise. • This phenomenon was particularly evident in individuals with mild elevation of resting SBP • Thus, a regiment of mild resistance exercise in combination of aerobic exercise may be helpful in management of HPT.

  13. Future Research • Most research is focus on aerobic exercise and its role in reducing HPT. • Additional research needed to focus on mild resistance training on HBP.

  14. Literature Review # 2 Assessed to Predict Change of Blood Pressure in Pre-Hypertensive African American Women Objectives • The impact of Aerobic exercise on abnormal BP on African American Women • The changes that occur on the Cardiorespiratory during aerobic exercise.

  15. Aerobic Exercise

  16. Method & Materials • A total of twelve previously sedentary African American women between the ages of 30-45 years participated in the study for a period of 10 weeks. • Participants had to met the following criteria: sedentary lifestyle, pre-hypertensive status, not on medication that influence BP • The Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire was used • Standard sphygmomanometer, Stethoscope, blood pressure cuff & Mercury gauge.

  17. Comparison of pre-and post training values

  18. Results • According to the data, there was a significant change in the post-training in the four variables. SV, CO, VO2peak and TPR. • BP did not change significantly but one subject completely moved from pre-hypertensive status to normotensive status with both SBP and DBP.

  19. Conclusion The results of this study has shown that, exercise can be beneficial in pre-hypertensive African American women. The research data shows that there was an increase SV that can be a result from four physiologic factors. These factors are (1) an increase in internal left ventricle volume due to the training-induced plasma volume expansion, (2) reduced cardiac stiffness, (3) increased diastolic filling time and (4) improved intrinsic cardiac contractile function.

  20. Future Research • larger population study would give more significance to the findings and even with variability in menstruation cycles could show a significant change in blood pressure. • May be a future researchers will develop a strategy to delay menstruation cycle while research is in progress.

  21. Literature Review#3 Aerobic Or Resistance Training, which is more beneficial in Reducing HBP Objectives Purpose of this research was to fine out which exercise is more beneficial in reducing BP; Aerobic vs. Resistance training.

  22. Method & Materials • We randomly selected 8 participants. 4 females and 4 men between the ages of 28 and 35 participated in the study. • Participants were between the ages of 28 and 35 years of age. • participants were to abstain from taking medication that influence blood pressure, having pre-hypertensive status, were non-smokers, had a body mass index between 25-35 kgand no known diseases that affect blood pressure. • The GPPAQ questionnaire test was used.

  23. ResultsComparing pre and post training values

  24. Results cont.. • We only observed a significant change in pre-training and post-training in four • variables. The four variables, which demonstrated this change, were stroke volume (SV), • cardiac output (CO), peak volume of oxygen consumption (VO2peak), and total peripheral • resistance (TPR).

  25. Data Analysis

  26. Conclusion • There is a significant amount of evidence that supports our data findings that aerobic training helps reduce BP. • In a meta-analysis by (Wheaton et al.,2002) Back by NIH combines 54 clinical trials in hypertensive men and women. • Findings included a reduction in SBP by an average of 3.84 mmHg and 2.58 mmHg for DBP

  27. General Conclusion. • It is estimated that approximately 35% of coronary heart disease mortality is due to physical inactivity. The significance of this relationship lies in the fact that coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States with over 700,000 deaths annually. Approximately 60% of all Americans age 18 and older report that they are physically inactive. Physical inactivity has a major economic impact. It is felt through the loss of income and productivity when disabling diseases result. It was estimated that in 1989 physical inactivity cost the nation $5.7 billion due to hospitalizations and other related health care costs

  28. Future Research • There are thousands of research conducted on aerobic training but very few researches have been done on anaerobic exercise. • I will be starting my Osteopathic medical program in fall. My future research will be to find out if resistance training blend with subluxation can help heal sports injuries without surgery.

  29. Take Home Advice We should all advocate healthy living style within ourselves, families and our communities by modifying our life styles and implementing some kind of exercise regiment, being it aerobic or resistance exercise.

  30. Reference Page • Cornellisern & Faggard. (2006). Aerobic Versus Anaerobic and BP. Journal of American College of Sports Medicine. 15, (11). 250-255. • Fang, Gavin, & Kravitz. (2004). Role of exercise and Hypertension. • Journal of American College of Sports Medicine. 35, (5), 307-316. • Pescatello & Franklin. (2004). Resistance Training and Blood Pressure • Journal of American College of Sports Medicine. 28, (7) 536-538. • Thomas Pickering,MD. (Feb. 2000). Exercise and Cholesterol. Cardiology Department Mount Sinai Hospital: New York. • Hammer (2006). Effects of Exercise and Blood Pressure. American Heart Association. 31, (5). 30-35. • ML, Pullock. (2000). Exercise and Cholesterol. Journal of American Association of Sports Medicine: American Heart Association. (P.120). • Franklin, BA. (2000). Exercise and Cholesterol. Journal of American Association of Sports Medicine. 12, (5). 20-25. • The Physicians of Duke Sports Medicine. (June, 2006). Work-Out Tips. Publication Manual of American Association of Sports Medicine.

  31. Acknowledgements • Dr. Ongeri • Dr. White • Dr. Whittaker • Miss Petti

  32. Questions?

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