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Ch 3 Biochemistry

Ch 3 Biochemistry. Sec. 1: Carbon Compounds. Organic molecules : made primarily of carbon atoms Inorganic molecules : not made of carbon (few exceptions). Carbon. Carbon is a very useful element because: It can form up to 4 bonds Can bond to itself Allows carbon to form many shapes.

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Ch 3 Biochemistry

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  1. Ch 3 Biochemistry

  2. Sec. 1: Carbon Compounds • Organic molecules: made primarily of carbon atoms • Inorganic molecules: not made of carbon (few exceptions)

  3. Carbon • Carbon is a very useful element because: • It can form up to 4 bonds • Can bond to itself • Allows carbon to form many shapes

  4. Functional groups • Functional groups: groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose • Page 52

  5. Large Carbon Molecules • Many carbon molecules are built from smaller, simpler molecules called Monomers • Polymer: molecules consisting of repeating, linked monomers • Macromolecules: large polymers

  6. 4 major macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  7. Condensation reactions • Condensation reactions: reactions that link monomers together to make polymers • Why condensation? What is condensation? • Water produced during condensation reactions

  8. Hydrolysis reaction • Reactions that break polymers down to monomers • Water is used • Hydro- water • Lysis- break down

  9. Energy currency • Life processes require constant supplies of energy • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): main energy containg molecule for living things • Energy comes from bonds between phosphate groups

  10. Molecules of life • Carbohydrates: organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Sugars • Why are sugars useful? • Main energy molecule for living things • Monomer: Monosaccharide • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose Isomers: same formulas, but different orientations

  11. Polymers of Carbohydrates • Disaccharides: ? • Polysaccharides: ? • Glycogen (animal sugar storage) • Starch (plants) • cellulose

  12. Proteins • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen • Monomer: amino acid • Write examples of amino acids (See p 56-57) • Dipeptide: ? • Polypeptide:? • Shape influenced by temp and solvents • Enzymes: proteins that act as biological catalysts (?)

  13. Enzymes • Reactions depend on physical fit b/w enzyme and its specific substrate • Substrate: reactant being catalyzed • Active site: fold on enzyme that fits together with substrate

  14. Lipids • Large, nonpolar molecules • Do not dissolve in water • Phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments • Long hydrocarbon chains • Lipids worksheet

  15. Nucleic acids • Store and transfer important information • Two types • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Ribonucleic acid (RNA) • Monomer: nucleotide • 3 parts • Phosphate group • 5-carbon sugar • Nitrogenous base • Draw a nucleotide

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