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Evolution of Psychology: From Phrenology to Robotics

Trace the history of psychology from phrenology to modern cognitive approaches, exploring key figures and theories that shaped the field. Dive into the evolution of psychological perspectives and understand the impact of societal and cultural influences on behavior. Watch insightful videos and discover the major trends that have defined psychology over time.

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Evolution of Psychology: From Phrenology to Robotics

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  1. Chapter 1, Section 2 A Brief History of Psychology Mr. Young 1st and 6th Period

  2. Essential Question • Has the field of Psychology evolved over time and if it has, what has lead to this process?

  3. I CAN: • Explain important trends in the history of Psychology • Identify various approaches to the study of Psychology • Analyze why Sigmund Freud smoked cigars • List and Explain the major reasons why most Psychologists had cool facial hair

  4. The Origins of Psychology • Phrenology- practice of examining bumps on a person’s skull to determine that persons intellect and character trait • Psychology has molded from other sciences

  5. Phrenology Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80dZ71Km6_g&feature=related • 3:30 minutes • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nck46Bzt2c • 1:20 movie clip

  6. Historical Approaches • Structuralism • Functionalism • Inheritable Traits • Gestalt Psychology

  7. 1) Structuralism • A psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences • Wundt developed introspection, a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

  8. 2) Functionalism • William James, taught at Harvard • Father of Psychology in America • Study how animals and people adapt to their environments

  9. Psychology 101 Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE • 1:10 min

  10. 3) Inheritable Traits • Sir Francis Galton • Understand how heredity influences a person’s abilities, characters, and behavior • A person’s heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence • Helped to create modern personality and IQ tests

  11. Inheritable traits video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-vTg • 1:30 min

  12. 4) Gestalt Psychology • “Whole Pattern” means Gestalt • Argued that perception is more than the sum of its parts. • Forerunner for cognitive approaches to the study of psychology

  13. Giuseppe ArcimboldoAutumn

  14. Radio City Music Hall

  15. Gestalt Theory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxKcpfFvuf8 • 4:14 minutes

  16. Contemporary Approaches • Psychoanalytic • Behavioral • Humanistic • Cognitive • Biological • Sociocultural Approach

  17. 1) Psychoanalytic • Sigmund Freud, more interested in unconscious mind • Believe that the unconscious mind controls your behavior • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUB85lSj4pM • 2:30 min

  18. Talking Theory Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZq_U2hbnvs • Big Bang Theory (1:45 min)

  19. 2) Behavioral • Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner • When you investigate observable behavior • Skinner- Reinforcement, response to behavior that will increase likelihood or repeated behavior

  20. Ivan Pavlov Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMJJpbRx_O8&feature=related • 1:50 min • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI • 3:55 min

  21. B.F. Skinner Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA • 3:58 min • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4 • Sheldon and Penny on Big Bang Theory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWyZHSZf3TM • Sheldon and Penny 2

  22. 3) Humanistic • Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers • Each person has freedom in directing his or her future and potential to develop • Emphasizes personal growth

  23. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKVULQ_S70Q&feature=fvwrel • 1 min

  24. 4) Cognitive • Jean Piaget, Norm Chomsky • Concerned with how thinking processes, such as intelligence and problem solving, can be used to deal with problems or to develop a healthy personality

  25. 5) Biological • Biological factors influence our behavior • Modern PET, MRI scans • Genetic factors influence a wide range of human behaviors

  26. 6) Sociocultural • Studies the social and cultural influence on behavior • Way we think, feel, behave may be linked to culture • Also concerned with issue of gender and socioeconomic status

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