1. Detonationnanodiamonds (DND) Presentation 4.5.2011 Perttu Rintala Ke-31.5530 Nanoparticles

2. Contents Detonationsynthesis Properties of detonationnanodiamond Applications Commercial business References

3. DNDs, particlesize 5-10 nm. (HRTEM) Reference: He, J. et al. Reinforcing copper matrix composites through molecular-level mixing of functionalized nanodiamond by co-deposition route. Materials Science and Engineering: A . 2008. Vol. 490:1-2. S. 293-299. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.046. ISSN 0921-5093.

4. Detonationsynthesis 1/2 demolitioncompound TNT + RDX (usually 40:60 or 70:30) detonation in cylindricalsteelchamber size 1-4 m3 / 1 kg demolitioncompound inertgas, orwater/iceshellaround the detonationcharge detonationcircumstancesareprecise to gethighnanodiamondyield

5. Detonationsynthesis2/2 rapidcoolingmustfollow the detonation preventingphasetransformation to graphite radicalchemicalpurification is needed isolatingnanodiamondsfromdetonationsoot and impurities also the chemicalproperties of DND changeradically an industrialdetonationchambercanproduce 2,5 kg DNDs in 8 hours

6. DND synthesismodels no generallyacceptedmodelexists DNDsaregeneratedmostpropablyrightafter the detonationwithphasetransformationfromcarbonbecause of the detonationpressure OR through the formation of liquidcarbonnanodropletswhichcrystallize to nanodiamonds

7. The properties of the detonationnanodiamond the diameter of a single particle is 4-5 nm (commercial) the shape is round, no sharpedges hardness, inside a conventionaldiamondstructure chemicallyactivesurface • hydroxyl-, ketone- and carboxylgroups clusterformation • diameterhundreds of nanometers

8. Propertiescreate the applications 1/2 Chemicallyactivesurface • polishing • additive in polymers • biological and medicaluse

9. Propertiescreate the applications 2/2 Roundshape and hardness • lubrication Small size and clusters (uniformlydispersed) • coatings • additive in metals

10. Applications of DNDs Processingmaterialsurfaces Polishing Lubrication Structuraladditive Polymer- and metalmatrixes Coatings Biological and medicaluse

11. Applicationsprofitcommercial business 1/3 Polishing • smoothersurface • electronics and optics Lubrication • the reduction of friction and wear • combustionengines

12. Applicationsprofitcommercial business 2/3 Coatings • hardness and abrasionresistanceimprove • toolcoatings Additive in polymermatrixes • increasingstrength • filmpolymers, polymerfibres

13. Applicationsprofitcommercial business 3/3 Metalmatrixes (copper) • grainsizedecreases, hardnessincreases • electricalconductivitydecreasesonlyslightly Biological and medicaluse • slowingcancer’s progression • transportation of insolublemedicines in humanbody

14. Carbodeon – nanodiamondscommercially Finnishfirm, whichdevelops, studies and sellsnanodiamonds office and applicationlaboratory in Vantaa 8 differentgrades of nanodiamond e.g. 20 g of nanodiamondscosts 280 € http://www.carbodeon.com/

15. References (some) Shenderova, O.A. et al. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. William Andrew Publishing, 2006. 611 s. ISBN 978-0-8155-1942-3 (sähköinen), ISBN 978-0-8155-1524-1 (painettu). Dolmatov, V.Y. Detonation-synthesis nanodiamonds: synthesis, structure, properties and applications. Russian Chemical Reviews, 2007. Vol. 76:4. S. 339-360. DOI: 10.1070/RC2007v076n04ABEH003643. ISSN 0036-021X. Danilenko, V.V. Specific Features of Synthesis of Detonation Nanodiamonds. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2005. Vol. 41:5. S. 577-588. DOI: 10.1007/s10573-005-0072-5. ISSN 0010-5082. Chu, H.Y. & Hsu, W.C. & Lin J.F. The anti-scuffing performance of diamond nano-particles as an oil additive. Wear [verkkolehti], 2010. Vol. 268:7-8. S. 960-967. DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2009.12.023. ISSN 0043-1648. Petrov, I. et al. Nickel galvanic coatings co-deposited with fractions of detonation nanodiamond. Diamond & Related Materials [verkkolehti], 2006. Vol. 15:11-12. S. 2035-2038. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2006.08.010. ISSN 0925-9635. Maitra U. et al. Mechanical properties of nanodiamond-reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Solid State Communications [verkkolehti], 2009. Vol. 149:39-40. S. 1693-1697. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssc.2009.06.017. ISSN 0038-1098