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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. US History McIntyre. Map of United States Circa 1830. What is Manifest Destiny?. American Progress Color Lithograph by George A. Crofutt and John Gast. What is “Manifest Destiny”. Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast to coast

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny US HistoryMcIntyre Map of United States Circa 1830

  2. What is Manifest Destiny? American Progress Color Lithograph by George A. Crofutt and John Gast

  3. What is “Manifest Destiny” • Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast to coast • The idea that God gave Americans the continent and wanted them to settle western lands

  4. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

  5. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1783 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

  6. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

  7. US Territorial Expansion When? D - Florida • 1819 From Where? • Spain Why? • Andrew Jackson invaded • Spain then sold it to us for $5 million in the Adams-Onis Treaty A C B D

  8. Thinking Question • (don’t write this down!! Just think!) • Why weren’t Americans happy with the size of their country at this point in their history?

  9. Mr. Manifest Destiny • James K. Polk • Elected 11th President in 1845-1849 • Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President • Died 103 days after his single term ended • Born in Pineville, NC • UNC Chapel Hill graduate • Democrat • Settled the disputed Oregon territory

  10. US Territorial Expansion When? E - Texas • 1845 From Where? • Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? • Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 • Northerners feared it would become a slave state • Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election A C B E D

  11. Texas • Mexico invited Americans • gave cheap land • Mexican citizens • live under their laws • convert to Catholicism

  12. Stephen Austin Promised to fill land with a certain number of people Empresarios

  13. Don’t Mess with Texas • After attempts to become independent, Mexico closed borders to all Americans • Banned slave labor • Taxed imports

  14. What is Texas? DO NOT WRITE • Ruled by Mexico or Empresarios? • The settlers did not bother to learn Spanish or convert to Catholicism.

  15. Texas / Lone Star Republictimeline • 1821 – Mexico becomes independent of Spain • 1821-23 – Mexico offers land grants to settlers • 1823 – Stephen Austin led 300 families to Texas • 1830 – Mexico closes the border to the US • 1836 – the Battle of the Alamo • 1836 – Texas declares its Independence from Mexico • 1845 – Texas becomes the 28th state

  16. Texas war

  17. Alamo today

  18. US Territorial Expansion When? F - Oregon Territory • 1846 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) • Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” • Britain compromised 49° & US accepted F A C B E D

  19. US Territorial Expansion When? G - Mexican Cession • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse • War! • US wins • In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G F A C B G E D

  20. US Territorial Expansion When? H-Gadsden Purchase • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Needed for completion of Railroads • Purchase for $10 million F A C B G E D H

  21. Land acquisitions map

  22. WHO WENT WEST? Squatters • Settled on lands they did not own • Preemption Act of 1830: government guaranteed squatters could claim land and buy up to 160 acres at 1.25$/acre

  23. Advances • Jethro Wood: iron-bladed plow • John Deere: plow with sharp edged steel blades • Cyrus McCormick: reaper pulled by horse/mule

  24. Prairie Schooner

  25. Trails map

  26. Oregon Trail • Developed by early traders and fur trappers, known as Mountain Men. • Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon • People began moving to Oregon in the 1830’s, and by 1844 there were over 5,000 whites permanently settled in the Oregon Territory • The journey took several months and was very difficult. Settlers endured: • Rough roads/trails • Sickness • Indian attacks • Hot summers, cold winters

  27. Santa Fe Trail • Trade route between Independence, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico • Traders developed a caravan system to pass through dangerous Indian lands • Settlers adopted this technique to get to California, Oregon, and Utah • People gained economically from the trade, but also realized there was a lot of open land with little control by the Mexican government

  28. Mormons • 1830 – Joseph Smith founded the Mormon church in Kirkland, Ohio • 1839 – Following grew to 15,000; they moved west to Illinois, where Joseph Smith was killed • 1847 – Brigham Young led the Mormons west, where they eventually ended up in present day Salt Lake City, Utah

  29. What about the Native Americans? • Traded goods and information with settlers • Treaty of Fort Laramie: 8 groups agreed to boundaries in return for that land being theirs forever

  30. Discussion Question • (Don’t write!! Just think!) • Why does the U.S. keep offering countries money for territories we gain through war (Ex. Florida and Mexico)?

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