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Understanding Built-in Numeric Functions for Effective String and Number Manipulation

This guide explores essential built-in functions for manipulating numbers and strings within programming. Learn how to use functions like Sqr, Int, Round, and Rnd to perform mathematical operations efficiently. We'll cover how these functions receive inputs and generate unique outputs, providing examples for better clarity. Additionally, we offer insights into integer division and random number generation, highlighting their practical applications in programming. Master these functions to enhance your coding skills and tackle numeric and string challenges effectively.

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Understanding Built-in Numeric Functions for Effective String and Number Manipulation

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  1. Section 3.6 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS involving numbers & strings

  2. Functions - terminology • Functions arecalled from within a procedure. • e.g., Sqr(x) is a function call • A function receives 1 or more input values & returns auniqueoutput value n = Left (string, 3) Output assigned to n Function name input

  3. Numeric functions • Sqr • Int • Round • Rnd

  4. Numeric functions - Sqr • Sqr (n) : returns the square root of n. • requires exactly one positive numeric input value • may contain an expression for n • Examples: assumen = 25 Sqr (16) returns 4 Sqr (2) returns 1.414214 Sqr (n) returns 5 Sqr (n + 11) returns 6 Sqr (-4) returns an error

  5. Numeric functions - Int • Int (n) returns the greatest integer less than or equal to n • requires exactly one integer input value • n may be a numeric expression • Examples: assume n is 10 Int (5.2) returns 5 Int (-6.7) returns -7 Int (n + 15) returns 25

  6. Numeric functions - Round • How numbers are rounded to integers: • 23.7 rounds up to 24 • 23.4 rounds down to 23 • 23.5 rounds up to 24 n Round (n) 1.3 1 1.7 2 -1.6 -2 .2 0

  7. Another format for Round • Round (2.357, 2) returns 2.36 • Round (1234.97899, 2) returns 1234.98 • This variation of Round is useful when our programs are processing monetary values. • Example: Private Sub Command1_Click() Picture1.Print Round(txtNum.Text, 2) End Sub

  8. Two mathematical operators that are useful in programs • If x & y are integers, then the integer quotient of x divided by y can be found by using \ quotient = x \ y • Also, to get the remainder, use mod: remainder = x mod y • try it with: x = 26; y = 7

  9. Numeric functions - Rnd • Used to enable your program to generate pseudorandom values; useful in the creation of games. • Rnd does not require any input value and returns a numeric value r where 0 <= r < 1 Int (Rnd * 10)will generate a value that is between 0 & 9

  10. Some uses of Rnd • Randomly generate an integer between 1 & 10: x = 1 + Int(10 * Rnd) • Randomly generate a 0 or 1: x = Int (2 * Rnd) • Randomly generate evens between 0 & 98: x = 2 * Int (50 * Rnd) more...

  11. More uses of Rnd • Randomly generate • a lowercase alphabetic character • an uppercase alphabetic character • the uppercase alphabetic characters between A & J

  12. Still more examples of Rnd • Randomly generate an integer between • 1 & 10 • 3 & 23 • 0 & 100 evens only • 5 & 75 divisible by 5 • Randomly generate • a lowercase alphabetic character • an uppercase alphabetic character • p. 132: #116, 117

  13. Lab • Page 132 # 121 • Page 133 #122, 124

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