1 / 53

The Civil War

The Civil War. Two Nations. The Case Against Slavery Slavery violated basic foundation of US Prejudice – unreasonable and unfavorable opinion of a group Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beacher Stowe Epitome of slavery and northerners feelings Southern Views on Slavery

mali
Download Presentation

The Civil War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Civil War

  2. Two Nations • The Case Against Slavery • Slavery violated basic foundation of US • Prejudice – unreasonable and unfavorable opinion of a group • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beacher Stowe • Epitome of slavery and northerners feelings • Southern Views on Slavery • Spoke out against Northerners • Argued that leaders had slaves so cant be all bad

  3. Annexation of Texas • 1836 – Texans voted to annex(join) the US • South and Dems wanted to make it a slave state • North and Whigs didn’t want South to have more power • Thought annexing lead to war with Mexico • Santa Anna threatened in 1843 • Annexation approved Feb 1845

  4. War with Mexico • Dispute over Southern boarder • Pres. Polk wanted more than just Texas • Sent Ambassador Slidell to buy NM and CA for $30 mil • Mexico wouldn’t let him in • Polk sent 3000 troops under Zachery Taylor • Declared war May 13, 1846

  5. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Feb 2, 1848 • Four Concessions • Mexico loses TX to Rio Grande River • Mexico loses part of NM and CA • US pay 15 million • US pays damage claims of citizens (3 mil) • Five years later – Gadsden Purchase – NM & AZ (10mil) • Opened west for expansion • Left Mexicans bitter

  6. Effects of the Missouri Compromise • Many problems since signed in 1820 • Only dealt with states not territories • New Mexican territory was south of 36 degrees

  7. Compromise of 1850 • Clay Proposes a compromise • 3 Key players • John Calhoun of SC • Daniel Webster of Mass. • Henry Clay of Kentucky

  8. Clay proposes five laws to help with slavery • CA admitted as a free state • NM & UT can decide on slavery • Abolish sale of slaves, but not slavery in DC • TX would give up claim to NM for $10 mil • Fugitive Slave Act – All people required to help return any runaway slaves, slaves do not get jury trial

  9. The Kansas-Nebraska Act • Sen. Stephen Douglas of Illinois • Wanted new states linked to Chicago by RR • Wanted to be president • 2 new non slave states would anger South • January 1854 • Popular sovereignty – let people in territory decide slavery • Wanted to repeal Missouri Compromise • Passed – north hated it, Douglas = sellout

  10. The Creation of the Republican Party • Northerners were outraged by KNA • Created Republican Party to fight “Slave Power”

  11. “Bleeding Kansas” • John Brown – God’s instrument to end slavery • May 24, 1856 killed 5 proslavery men and looted • Many more raids and counter raids

  12. Bleeding Sumner • Violence spread to the capitol • Charles Sumner gave speech on crimes in Kansas • Insulted the Southerners esp. Andrew Butler of SC • Preston Brooks, his nephew was mad • Approached Sumner’s desk and beat him with cane • Sumner never recovered • Northerners were outraged

  13. The Dread Scott Decision • March 1857 • Dread Scott filed against his master • Once lived in free areas = that made him free • Ruled 7 to 2 against Scott • Slavery are property not people, so cant sue • Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional • Cant be free just being in a free place

  14. Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Stephen Douglas of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Douglas –Little Giant, short, stout, white supremacy • Competing against little known Abraham Lincoln • 7 Debates • Lincoln – lawyer, tall, awkward, thin, quiet, plain clothes • Debated 2 ideas – majority rule and minority rights • Lincoln – slavery is bad, majority cant deny minority their rights • 1858 – Douglas won senate seat

  15. John Brown’s Raid • Oct 16, 1859 – attack on federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA • Wanted to give weapons to slaves • Dreamed of huge uprising • Col. Robert E. Lee defended the arsenal • Killed half of Brown’s men • Brown was hanged • Seen as a martyr

  16. Election of 1860 • Dem Party met to choose nominee • Slavery was main issue • Southern delegates left to choose own nominee • Whig and American Parties met in Baltimore • Became Constitutional Union Party • Republicans met in Chicago • Chose Abraham Lincoln • Election showed N/S line • Lincoln’s name not on most Southern ballots • Won 39% of vote and 180 Electoral votes

  17. Lower South Secedes • Mad that Lincoln won without any southern votes • Southerners wanted to leave the Union • Secessionists – thought who wanted South to secede • States choose to join so can choose to leave • South Carolina leaves December 20, 1860 • 6 more joined • Confederate States of America • President Jefferson Davis

  18. The War Starts – Last Minute Compromises Fail • Many believe secession was illegal • Tried to compromise over slavery • Lincoln – secession was wrong but slavery couldn’t expand • Had to focus on laws of country

  19. Fort Sumter • Charleston, SC April 1861 • SC left union but troops still at Sumter • Confederate Forces wouldn’t allow supplies in • Tried to resupply for weeks • Gen Beauregard took by force • Beginning of Civil War

  20. The Upper South Secedes • Lincoln had to respond to Sumter • Called for volunteers for the Army • Upper South (VA, NC, TN, AR) left

  21. Strengths of the North • 2x Railroad • 2x manufacturing • More money • Functions government • 2/3rds of pop lived there • Could have army and maintain economy • Fighting evil

  22. Strengths of the South • Most trained officers • Had to maintain defense to win • Moral preservation

  23. Union Military Strategies • Navel blockade of South • Use troops and gun boats on Mississippi River • Gen Winfield Scott’s plan – Anaconda Plan • Seized Confed capital of Richmond

  24. Confederate War Strategies • Prepare and wait • War of attrition – one side inflicts losses until other gives up • Stopped export of cotton • Thought Europe would miss it and aid them • Europe turned to India cotton • Blockade let nothing out • No exports = no money = no weapons

  25. Tactics and Technology • Old style war wasn't going to work • New bullets went straighter • Rifles sent bullets 5x further • Shells- devices that exploded in air or against something • Canister – shell filled with bullets

  26. The Battle of Antietam • General Robert E. Lee wanted to invade North • Antietam, Maryland September 17 • South outnumbered more than 2 to 1 • In 3 hours losses – Union 12000, Confed 14000

  27. Politics in the SouthMobilizing for War • Lee calls for draft • 3 yrs of service for white males 18-35 • Age range became 50 years old • Gov took control of economy • 1/10th of farmers product given to the Gov • Male slaves could be seized for military

  28. The North’s Mobilization • Financial Measures • 1861 – 1st federal income tax passed • Tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine, newspaper • Most taxes repealed after war • Congress created National currency = greenbacks • Not backed by gold • Opposition to the War • Had draft, too • Riots against it • Copperheads – Dems who opposed war and republican power

  29. Emancipation and The War • Lincoln and Slavery • Didn’t think it was his duty to end slavery • Saw it as a war time strategy • Emancipation Proclamation • January 1st, 1863 • Freed the slaves • Reaction to Proclamation • Upset only freed slaves in Confed areas controlled by Union • South condemned it • Europe saw it as a chance to get away from the South

  30. African Americans Join the War • The Contraband Issue • Left behind slaves taken by Union Army • Contraband – captured items became property of taker • Union Army employed newly freed slaves • African American Soldiers • 1865 – 180,000 AAs in the Union Army • ½ were freed Southern Slaves • All black regiments formed

  31. The Hardships of War Changes • E.P and black troops changed slaves in the South • Escaped or hindered plantation work • Men off fighting , women were running things

  32. The Southern Economy • Food shortages • Less people farming because off fighting • Looting and riots at bakeries • Industrial manufacturing did grow to make weapons • Mostly women workers • Inflation made profiteers rich

  33. The Northern Economy • Industry got bigger, especially war related • Women workers paid less = more profit

  34. Prison Camps • Captured prisoners treated well over all • Andersonville – 26 acre field to hold 10,000 men • 35,000 housed, 100 a day died

  35. Medical Care • 1/4th soldiers didn’t survive • Disease killed most • 3x more likely to die in camp than battle • Doctors didn’t clean instruments • Clara Barton • Collected supplies for the field • “Angel of the battlefield” • Founded the Red Cross • 4000 women became field nurses • Set up sanitation commission to clean camps

  36. The Battle of Gettysburg • Union had low morale due to huge losses • South was short on supplies marching North • Wanted win on Union land • Needed shoes – supply in Gettysburg, PA

  37. July 1, 1863 • Gunfire drew both sides units to town • Gen George Meade – new Union Gen arrived • Armies took up position on hills 4 miles long • Union line – Cemetery Ridge • Confed line – Seminary Ridge

  38. July 2, 1863 • Confed attacked at 4pm instead of 6am • Fought into the night • When out of ammo, used bayonets

  39. July 3, 1863 • Early morning scuffle • 1pm – 150 Confed cannons started firing • Infantry rushed center of Union line • Pickett's Charge – 15000 Confeds mile long, 3 deep • Union fired canister shells • 30 min later – no men left • Losses – Union 23000, Confed 28000 • Lee lost 1/3rd of his army • Bloodiest battle of the Civil War

  40. Importance of 1863 • July 4, 1863 – turning day of the war • Lee’s army was small and shrinking • Union kept taking Confed forts • Calls for peace began

  41. The Gettysburg Address • Nov 19, 1863 – 15,000 came • Dedication of cemetery • Featured Edward Everett – famous Public Speaker • Gave 2 hour intro to Pres. Lincoln • Lincoln spoke for 2 minutes • War was terrible & Union needed to be restored

  42. Grant Takes Command - 1864 • South’s strategies – hold on, especially to Richmond • Election in Nov, thought Lincoln would be replaced • Lincoln put Grant in control of Army

  43. Sherman in Georgia • Same plan as Grant’s • Had 98000 troops • Plan to seize Atlanta

  44. The Capture of Atlanta • Opponent was Gen Joseph Johnston • Tried to hold Sherman back until November • By July, Union 3 miles from ATL • Pres. Davis replaced Johnston with Hood • Engaged Union but soon retreated to ATL • After month of Siege, Sherman won

  45. Sherman Marches to the Sea • Plan to capture Savannah • Burned down Atlanta and left • Made 300 mile path of destruction • December 21, entered city

  46. The Election of 1864 • Lincoln assumed he’d be beaten • Had to fight Fremont for Republican nomination • Dems chose Gen. George McClellan • Lincoln won 212 of 233 EV

  47. A New Birth of Freedom • Feb 1865 – 13th Amendment passed • Ended slavery forever

  48. The End of the WarSherman Moves North • Left Savannah for SC • SC seen as heart of rebellion • Wanted to destroy resources and crush South’s will • Demolished everything in its way • Feb 17 – Columbia burned down

  49. Surrender at Appomattox • Desertions rose rapidly • Lee and 35000 went to meet Johnston’s troops • Lee disbanded and told to fight as guerrillas • Lee and Grant met in a private home • Talked briefly – weather, families • Surrender Terms • South Soldiers can go home • Won’t be tried as long as they obey laws • Freed soldiers in camps

More Related