1 / 10

Vitamin D

Vitamin D. Vitamin D. Maintains bone structure Regulates the immune system Generated from sunlight exposure UVB wavelengths 20-30 mins exposure on the face and arms two or three times a week, April to October

maleah
Download Presentation

Vitamin D

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Vitamin D

  2. Vitamin D • Maintains bone structure • Regulates the immune system • Generated from sunlight exposure • UVB wavelengths • 20-30 mins exposure on the face and arms two or three times a week, April to October • People with darker skin pigmentation, obesity and the elderly synthesise less vitamin D.

  3. Dietary sources of Vitamin D • Eggs • Oily fish • Shiitake and chanterelle mushrooms (Vitamin D2) • Yeast (Vitamin D2) • Cod liver oil (rich source of vitamin D3)

  4. Link with MS • Month of birth • more prevalent in babies born in May, less in those born in November in Northern Europe due to low maternal exposure to sunlight during the winter months. ( Willer, C. etal 2005). • Lack of vitamin D during pregnancy and the early years of life could increase the risk of developing MS later in life. (Ramagopalan, S.V; etal, 2010) • Direct link between the variant gene HLA-DRB1*1501, can be switched on by vitamin D in the laboratory setting (Ramagopalan, S.V; etal, 2010) • CYP 27B1 mutated gene affects a key enzyme which leads to low levels of vitamin D (Ebers, G,. 2011) • Geographical distribution of MS correlates to sunlight exposure (Hypponen, E; and Power C, 2007)

  5. Use of vitamin D in pregnancy All pregnant women should be advised to take vitamin D supplements during pregnancy and whilst breastfeeding (NICE antenatal care clinical guidelines 62; 2008) in order to reduce incidence of certain diseases in the unborn child

  6. Research into vitamin D and MS • Recent small study identified potential link between lower levels of vitamin D and susceptibly to depression in MS (Knipperberg, S. et al 2010) • Studies are investigating the link between vitamin D levels and relapse rate (Wingerchuck, D.M; et al. 2005) • Prospective study on over 7 million US military personnel showed that high circulating levels of vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of MS. (Munger, K.L; et al, 2004) • Outdoor occupation is associated with decreased risk of MS (Westberg,M. et al 2009)

  7. Other benefits of vitamin D • Recently found to reduce by about half the risk of several diseases • breast cancer, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes (Garland, C. 2011) • May also have a role in the prevention of heart disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic pain, osteoarthritis plus many other conditions. (www.vitamindcouncil.org)

  8. Dosage of vitamin D in MS • RDA is generally regarded as insufficient for use in MS and preventing MS • No consensus regarding recommended vitamin D dosage in MS • Expert opinion is divided and suggested doses range between 400-70,000 iu daily • European guidelines (2012) on safe tolerable upper limit state 4000 iu daily (100 mcg) for children over 11 years and adults • High doses of vitamin D3 may cause hypercalcaemia (Kimball, SM et al 2007)

  9. Reported side effects of Vitamin D Itchy skin Vomiting Diarrhoea Constipation Urinary frequency Muscle discomfort • Excessive thirst • Metallic taste • Poor appetite • Weight loss • Bone pain • Tiredness • Sore eyes

  10. Conclusion • There is a growing body of evidence linking vitamin D to prevention of MS • Further research is needed to establish; • Effect on disease course • Appropriate dosage • Who will benefit • Optimum time to commence vitamin D for maximum benefit

More Related