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September 11, 2013

September 11, 2013. What are some things that living things depend on that are not living?. Announcements. Today’s Objective. Identify macromolecules essential to life Identify the properties of what that make it so important to life. Macromolecules.

malcolm-larsen
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September 11, 2013

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  1. September 11, 2013 • What are some things that living things depend on that are not living?

  2. Announcements

  3. Today’s Objective • Identify macromolecules essential to life • Identify the properties of what that make it so important to life

  4. Macromolecules • Large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers • There are four major bio-molecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Nucleic acids

  5. Carbohydrates • Supplies energy to cells • Monomers = sugar (glucose) • Polymers = starch

  6. Plant Starch • Cellulose • Tough fibers that give plants structure • Wood/paper

  7. Chitin: form of cellulose • Hard exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans

  8. Animal Starch • Glycogen • Stored sugar • released from your liver when the glucose in your blood runs low • Supplies your muscles with energy for contraction/movement

  9. Less Hydrogen double bond causes bending Unsaturated fat and fatty acid Saturated fat and fatty acid Lipids • Store energy • Insulate/protect Filled with Hydrogen

  10. WATER Hydrophilic head WATER Hydrophobic tail Figure 5.14 Phospholipids • Make up the cell membrane • Allows molecules in and out of cell

  11. Nucleic Acids • DNA and RNA • Store vital information in each cell for making proteins • Made of nucleotides

  12. Proteins • Wide variety: combo of amino acids (20) • Carry out chemical reactions • Transport molecules • Fight diseases

  13. Protein Structure… Determines Function

  14. Enzymes

  15. What monomers are bonded together to form proteins? • Nucleotides • Amino acids • Fatty acids • Glucose

  16. This macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things. • Lipids • Protein • Carbohydrate • Nucleic Acid

  17. What macromolecule is DNA an example of?

  18. This macromolecule controls the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

  19. What macromolecule would you typically find in this food?

  20. How about this food?

  21. And this?

  22. 2-2 Properties of Water • Polarity– unequal sharing of electrons between. creates a slight charge • Hydrogen end = positive • Oxygen end = negative

  23. Cohesion • Attraction between molecules of the same substance • Water molecules produce Surface Tension • May support light objects

  24. Watery Examples

  25. Adhesion • Attraction between molecules of different substances • Capillary Action • Causes water to rise in a narrow tube against gravity

  26. Water conducting cells 100 µm Figure 3.3 Capillary Example • Helps pull water up through the microscopic vessels of plants

  27. Mixtures Involving Water • Solutions: all components are evenly distributed • Solute—substance dissolved • Solvent—substance which dissolves solutes

  28. Suspensions • Mixtures of water and nondissolved material • Small pieces that do not settle out

  29. Acids, Bases, and pH • Acids: compounds that contain higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water • pH values below 7 • Bases: compounds that contain low concentrations of H+ and high amounts of OH- ions • pH values above 7

  30. pH Scale (potential of Hydrogen)

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