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The Lophophorates

The Lophophorates. Phylum Brachiopoda Phylum Bryozoa. Lophophorates. All are sessile or sedentary adults that feed by means of delicate ciliated tentacles The system used in feeding is referred to a lophophore

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The Lophophorates

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  1. The Lophophorates Phylum Brachiopoda Phylum Bryozoa The Lophophorates

  2. Lophophorates • All are sessile or sedentary adults that feed by means of delicate ciliated tentacles • The system used in feeding is referred to a lophophore • A circular or U shaped region around the mouth that bears 1-2 rows of hollow ciliated tentacles • All species have a very simple gonad and a U-shaped digestive tract with some form of protective covering The Lophophorates

  3. Phylum Brachiopoda • Defining characteristics • Body enclosed within a 2 valved shell, with the valves orientated dorsally and ventrally • Why are lamp shells not members of the phylum Mollusca? The Lophophorates

  4. Brachia The Lophophorates

  5. Where Have All the Good Times Gone? • Pedicle • Brachiopods are a waning phylum, from fossilized 12,000 spp. - 335 living spp. The Lophophorates

  6. Local Representatives • Lamp Shell(Glottidia pyramidata) The Lophophorates

  7. Phylum Bryozoa • Large and conspicuous colonies, usually not recognized as animals by “lay people” • Incorrectly called seaweed. • Primarily marine but some species are freshwater • Bryozoans are the largest phylum of Lophophores and the most ecologically important The Lophophorates

  8. Bryozoan Forms • Some may be soft and bushy, (Bugula) leafy and crisp, (Thalamoporella) or hard and crust like (Membranipora or Schizoporella) The Lophophorates

  9. Feeding Zooid

  10. Colonial Metabolism

  11. Reproduction and Lifecycle • Individual zooids will frequently undergo degeneration into a brown body • Can reproduce sexually, all colonies are hermaphroditic with individuals usually being dioecious • Colonies grow from a single founder larva (ancestrula) The Lophophorates

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