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Current issues through world history Unit 3

World War I. Current issues through world history Unit 3. Lesson : WWI Students will be able to : 1) Identify and give examples of the four MAIN reasons for WWI 2) Explain the importance of industry and technology in WWI 3) Summarize the reasons for the US entering WWI

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Current issues through world history Unit 3

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  1. World War I Current issues through world historyUnit 3

  2. Lesson: WWI Students will be able to: 1) Identify and give examples of the four MAIN reasons for WWI 2) Explain the importance of industry and technology in WWI 3) Summarize the reasons for the US entering WWI Closure/ Assessment Give an example of why each member of the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance entered WWI. Missions Statement Connections: A: create, use, modify and stay focused on questions C: Analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information

  3. Causes of World War I • M.A.I.N. Militarism Glorification of armed strength Alliances An association formed for mutual benefit between two countries Imperialism Ambition of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region Nationalism Love of one’s country rather than one’s native region

  4. 1914- 1915 • The German Schlieffen Plan is halted at the Battle of the Marne, a short distance from Paris. • French military leaders have to load 2,000 taxi cabs with soldiers get to the battle.

  5. 1914- 1915 • The war quickly turns into a stalemate • Trench warfare ensues • Fighting is ditches protected by barbed wire and artillery

  6. The Great Slaughter • New weapons and trench warfare led to a more devastating war • Hundreds of miles of trenches protected by machine guns, other gun batteries, and further back, heavy artillery

  7. War of Attrition • A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses.

  8. New Technology of WWI • Airplanes • 1st used to spot and target enemy positions • Then used to attack ground targets • Enemy planes began attacking each other in the air with handheld pistols • Later machine guns mounted on planes

  9. New Technology of WWI • Zeppelins • Giant airships used by the Germans • 1st used for reconnaissance • Used to bomb London from 1915- 1916

  10. United States enters WWI • What were the reasons for the US entering WWI?

  11. United States enters WWI • Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • German answer to the naval blockade of Germany by the United Kingdom • Led to the sinking of many unarmed merchant ships • Lusitania: Merchant ship sunk by a German U boat • Germany agrees to stop unrestricted submarine warfare at US request

  12. United States enters WWI • Zimmerman telegram • January 1917 • British intelligence intercept telegram from Germany, intended for Mexico • Mexico joins German side in WWI • Mexico gets Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

  13. United States enters WWI • April 1917 • Because of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann telegram the US enters the war on the side of The Allies • Britain, France, and Italy • To “make the world safe for democracy”

  14. War takes its toll on civilian population • Total War • A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

  15. War takes its toll on civilian population • Propaganda • Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause • Used to increase public enthusiasm for the war • New laws • DORA • Defense of the Realm Act • Passed by British Parliament • Protestors arrested • Newspapers closed down

  16. The Russian Revolution • The March Revolution • March 1917 • Working-class women begin striking in Petrograd (St Petersburg) • Price of bread is sky-rocketing along with all other food • “Peace and Bread”

  17. The Russian Revolution • The legislative body urged Tsar Nicolas II to step down • The Tsar agrees, ending 300 years of the Romanov Dynasty • The Tsar, his wife and their five children are later murdered, burnt and thrown down a mine shaft.

  18. The Russian Revolution • Civil War in Russia • Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks • A radical political party dedicated to the violent revolution • Promises • End the war • Redistribute land to peasants • Transfer factories and industries from capitalists to the workers • Transfer government power to the soviets Who would these promises appeal to? Who would be hurt?

  19. The Russian Revolution • Communism prevails • Leon Trotsky- commissar of war • Reinstated the draft and executed soldiers who would no comply • War Communism • Government control of banks and industry • Seizure of grain to feed army • Centralized state administration How did the communists use the peoples’ struggle for freedom to advance their ideals?

  20. The Russian Revolution • The Treaty of Brest Litovsk • Ended Russian involvement in WWI • Russia loses territory to Germany

  21. The last years of WWI • Final German offensive- March 1918 • German advance stopped at the 2nd Battle of the Marne • Following 2nd Battle of the Somme- General Ludendorff told German commanders all was lost

  22. Armistice • Kaiser William II- leaves the country and abdicates the throne • Germany become a democratic republic • Allies and the new Germany agree to stop fighting

  23. Wilson’s 14 Points • Key points: • Reducing military forces • Ensuring self determination • Creation of democratic governments • A “general association of nations” • The League of Nations

  24. The Paris Peace Conference • January 1919 • 27 victorious nations of the Allies meet • US President Woodrow Wilson • 14 Points • Peace plan for Europe and the world

  25. The Paris Peace Conference • British Prime Minister- David Lloyd George: “make the Germans pay for the war” • Premier of France- Georges Clemenceau: “for the catastrophe of 1914 only the Germans are responsible” How did the leaders of Great Britain and France stance on Germany differ from Wilson’s? Why was this?

  26. The Treaty of Versailles • Ends World War I • Especially harsh on Germany • Article 231- War Guilt Clause • Germany and Austria were responsible for starting the war Germany had to reduce its militarysize German colonies and territory lost Germany had to pay reparations to Allied Powers

  27. Legacy of the Treaty • German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires are broken up • New nation-states: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary • Serbia and other Slavic lands become Yugoslavia

  28. Legacy of the Treaty • Mandates • A nation officially governed a territory on a temporary basis, but did not own the territory • Ottoman Empire becomes a collection of mandates • Britain- Iraq, Transjordan and Palestine • France- Syria and Lebanon

  29. The Treaty of Versailles • Predict the following items impact on Europe in the coming years • The principle of self-determination • Redrawn borders • The presence of ethnic minorities in nearly every eastern European nation

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