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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. AUTOTROPHS – MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD. Auto = self Troph = eating Organisms that can produce their own food (energy) from inorganic materials (sunlight). Heterotrophs- eat food. Hetero = other Troph = eating

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. AUTOTROPHS – MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD • Auto = self • Troph = eating • Organisms that can produce their own food (energy) from inorganic materials (sunlight)

  3. Heterotrophs- eat food • Hetero = other • Troph = eating • Organisms that cannot make its own food. Requires organic compounds (other organisms) for its principle source of food.

  4. Chemical Energy and ATP • All cells use chemical energy provided by ATP-Adenosine triphosphate. • Cells use ATP for functions such as building molecules and moving material through active transport.

  5. ATP • The energy carried by ATP is released when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule. • ATP become ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) • ADP can become ATP again by adding a phosphate back on.

  6. ATP • Lipids produce more than twice the amount of ATP as carbohydrates

  7. Chemosynthesis Process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make ATP • In caves and deep oceans

  8. Photosynthetic Organisms are Producers. • Producers • Make food • Photosynthesis • A process that uses sunlight to make sugar • Chlorophyll • Green molecule that converts light energy to chemical energy

  9. Chloroplast structure- 2 parts • Grana are made up of stacks of coin-shaped membrane-enclosed compartments called thylakoids. • Stroma is the fluid that surrounds the grana

  10. Photosynthesis in Chloroplasts • Light-dependent reactions • chlorophyll absorbs light. • energy is transferred to molecules that carry energy (ATP) • Water is split • Light-independent reactions • Hydrogen from light reactions is added to CO2 using energy from ATP • A molecule of simple sugar is formed. C6H12O6 (glucose)

  11. Light-Dependent Reaction • Chlorophyll and other light-absorbing molecules capture energy from sunlight. • Water molecules are broken down into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen gas (waste) • Sugars are NOT MADE during this part of photosynthesis Day 1

  12. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION • Uses 2 different photosystems (types of chlorophyll) • Photosystem I- adds H+ from water to NADP to make NADPH to carry the hydrogen to join CO2 in the light independent reactions • Photosystem II- excites electrons and moves them across the thylakoid. When they move back down electron transport chain, energy is used to make ATP

  13. Light Dependent Reaction: Photosystem II and Photosystem I

  14. ATP Production ATP synthase transfers electron energy to ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.

  15. Summary of Light-Dependent Reactions • PRODUCTS ARE: • NADPH • Used later to make sugar. • ATP • Used later to make sugar. • Oxygen • Given off as a waste.

  16. 2ND STAGE: LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION • Uses energy (ATP) and hydrogen (NADPH) from the first stage to make sugar. • Light-independent reactions take place ANY time that energy is available (it doesn’t need sunlight).

  17. The Calvin Cycle -Adds carbon dioxide one molecule at a time -When TWO three-carbon molecules leave the cycle, they will bond together to build a six-carbon sugar molecule

  18. The Calvin Cycle

  19. PRODUCTS OF LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS • Glucose • NADP+ • ADP

  20. Functions of Photosynthesis • Provides material for plant growth and development. • Simple sugars are bonded together to form complex sugars like cellulose and starch. • Starches store energy for the plant. • Cellulose is a major component of the cell wall. • Helps regulate the Earth’s environment. • Removes CO2 from the atmosphere.

  21. PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUMMARY • 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Light Dependent Reactions • Includes Photosystem II • Electron Transport Chain • Photosystem I • Light Independent Reactions • Includes the Calvin Cycle

  22. Photosynthetic Equation

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