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Marcus Garvey

Marcus Garvey. Born 1887 in Jamaica Travelled in Latin America, worked with Ali Duse Mohamed on African Times and Orient Review (1912-14) In Jamaica, founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) To New York in 1916 Gained a wide following over next several years

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Marcus Garvey

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  1. Marcus Garvey • Born 1887 in Jamaica • Travelled in Latin America, worked with Ali Duse Mohamed on African Times and Orient Review (1912-14) • In Jamaica, founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) • To New York in 1916 • Gained a wide following over next several years • Eventually convicted of using the mails for fraudulent means, imprisoned (1925), and deported (1927) • Died in Britain (1940)

  2. Garvey and the UNIA • Acclaimed orator • Parades, conferences, newspaper (Negro World), steamship line, pageantry

  3. Ideas associated with Garvey • Black pride • Emphasis on self-reliance and unity • Survival of the fittest (reference to Native Americans, Aborigines) • History as cyclical • Race the natural and primary way humanity is organized • “Africa for the Africans” • “Back to Africa” movement

  4. Speech by Garvey, August 1, 1922 • What is he talking about? Why? What is the historical context for his speech? Why should this speech have been well-received?

  5. Unity of 400 million Africans • “African citizens” • …if Negroes must be free then four hundred millions of us must organize the world over and strike the blow for freedom, the freedom we desire

  6. African nationhood • The new Negro desires Nationhood. We believe if nationhood is good for the Anglo-Saxon race, if nationhood is good for the Anglo-American race, if nationhood is good for the Japanese race, for the Chinese race, or any other race in the world, then it is also good for this great black race of ours.

  7. 400 million fighting for liberty • Lynching, peonage, etc. in USA, West Indies, Central and South America, Africa • We cannot afford to allow a continuation of these crimes against our race. If we are four hundred million men, women and children…then we must either live as free men, or die as men fighting for the great and noble principle of human liberty.

  8. Africa as a sleeping giant • If white race does not stop exploiting others, Africa will be scene of upheaval • How long to you believe that four hundred million Negroes will allow themselves to be exploited by alien races, robbed and murdered? Just so long until the truth is brought home to them, and then when the sleeping giant awakens, even like Samson he may bring down the pillars of the temple.

  9. Self-protection • Believes in fellowship of races, nothing against other races • Until real peace, “it is the duty of every race to protect itself. • We cannot blame the great white race for protecting itself, we shall not blame the great yellow race for protecting itself. And how are the protecting themselves? • Armies, navies

  10. Power • Human beings evil tempered, murder and abuse one another • The only protection against injustice in man is power, power of every kind.

  11. What does this add up to? • Africans around the world oppressed • Other races defending selves • Unity of 400 million Africans

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