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What?

ECOLOGY. What? Definition : The scientific study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment Why? Every organism on the planet is dependent upon another organism to survive Many uses.

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What?

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  1. ECOLOGY • What? • Definition: The scientific study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment • Why? • Every organism on the planet is dependent upon another organism to survive • Many uses

  2. What living and non-living things do you see in the picture? What would happen if one of those things disappeared? How is do Earth’s living and nonliving parts interact and affect the survival of organisms?

  3. Everything is connected– Wolves used to keep the deer population in check in NJ. Farmers Killed Wolves. What was the ramifications of this? Answer: Deer Population increased, Deer Ticks increased, ticks bite wild mice, Mice contain the disease Lyme, then if ticks bite humans they can infect humans.

  4. Biomes Everything is Connected

  5. The Earth is our Biosphere. It is divided up into many Biomes (or Ecosystems) based on climate, soil and plant & animal life.

  6. Levels of Organization in a Biosphere Organism- 1 organism (1 Zebra) Population- includes all the members of a species that live in one place at one time. (20 Zebra) Community- is all the interacting organisms living in an area. (Zebra, buffalo, Grass, Trees, Plants) Ecosystem- includes all of the organisms and the non living environment found in a particular place. (Zebra, Buffalo, Grass, trees, Plants, Oxygen, Water, Sunlight etc) Biosphere- Earth—all the different types of Ecosystems (Biomes) that exist on Earth (Savanna, Rainforest, tundra )

  7. Definition: ecosystems (biomes) that have similar climates and geographical conditions There are 10 different biomes characterized by the climate and vegetation of the area.

  8. Biosphere I Love The Earth Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5BxymuiAxQ&feature=PlayList&p=9E554F2BCE9464C4&index=38 • Definition: consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. • The biosphere extends from about 8 km above Earth’s surface to as far as 11 km below the surface of the ocean.

  9. Ecosystem contains both living and non-living things Biotic Factors-are the living and once living parts of an ecosystem, including plants and animals, and dead organisms too. AbioticFactorsare the non-living parts of the ecosystem. Ex:Energy, minerals, nutrients, carbon dioxide, water, oxygen

  10. Name some of the biotic and abiotic factors shown in this picture.

  11. Abiotic vs. Biotic

  12. Habitat The place an organism lives

  13. Deforestation A howler monkey’s habitat is the rain forest. Every habitat has specific biotic and abiotic factors that the organisms living there need to survive. If these factors change, then the habitat changes.

  14. Describes not only what an organism does, or specifically where it lives, but also how it interacts with biotic and abiotic factors in the environment; the way a species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce. • A niche can be referred to as the organism’s job, role or place in its environment.

  15. What 3 things are in your ? • Identify your niche. Include the following: • Your environment • Conditions you can tolerate (like) • What and/or who you need in your environment. • Does your niche interact with anyone else’s?

  16. Leaf cutter ants http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emSHL03NkF8

  17. Ways organisms interact ______________________ Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs __________________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other __________________________: 3 kinds Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism COMPETITION PREDATION COOPERATION SYMBIOSIS

  18. Species Interactions

  19. Any relationship between two species of organisms that benefits both species. A lichen looks like a plant, but is actually a mutualistic association between a fungusand either a green algae or a blue-green algae. Lichen are very important pioneer species in primary succession because they can break down rock into soil necessary for plants to begin growing. Symbiosis: 1. Mutualism

  20. Another Ex. of Mutualism

  21. relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other neither benefits or harms. Often, the host species provides a home and/or transportation for the other species. Symbiosis: 2. Commensalism Ex. Barnacles on a whale

  22. Symbiosis: 3. Parasitism • Relationship between host and parasite. • parasite spends a significant portion of its life in or on the living tissue of a host organism and which causes harm to the host without immediately killing it.

  23. Symbiosis Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism This picture is an example of which of the above? Species Interactions Barnacle

  24. Species Interaction Video Clips: use with worksheet • Example 1: acacia tree ants (mutualism): http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/kids/animals-pets-kids/bugs-kids/ant-acacia-kids.html • Example 2: Cordyceps (parasitism): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8 • Example 3: snail vs. parasitic worm (parasitism): • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWB_COSUXMw • Example 4: anaconda vs. mammal (predation): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDw0NdhK6QU&feature=channel • Example 5: water buffalo (mutualism): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BEKrc-aXF8&playnext_from=PL&feature=PlayList&p=FB25823F9EA9135D&playnext=1&index=11 • Example 6: daddy long legs vs. aphid: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/kids/animals-pets-kids/bugs-kids/spider-daddylonglegs-kids.html • example 7: killer whale for sea lion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWsN63PRCW8&feature=channel • example 8: rabbit vs. squirrel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_jGE3kF8N4&NR=1 • example 9: lions vs. hyenas http://www.kewego.co.uk/video/iLyROoaftMFx.html • example 10: algae and coral: http://planetgreen.discovery.com/videos/blue-august-fearless-planet-coral-and-algae.html • Great white vs. Fur seal: http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/planet-earth/video-player/video-player.html

  25. Producers – make energy from the sun • Herbivores- obtain energy by eating only plants (rabbit/deer) • Omnivores, eat both plants and animals (bears) • Carnivores – only eat animals (wolves) • Detritivores- feed on dead matter (earthworm, crows, beetles) • Decomposers – break down organic matter (fungi) • Scavengers consume the carcasses of other animals (vultures) scavengers decomposers Species Interactions

  26. Pyramid of Energy Flow

  27. Predator vs Prey

  28. Predator-Prey Relationships A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism which the predator eats. Examples: lion and zebra, bear and fish, and fox and rabbit. Bear and berry, rabbit and lettuce, grasshopper and leaf.

  29. Predator-Prey Relationships

  30. Battle at Kruger http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LU8DDYz68kM

  31. Food Chain Energy moves around within an ecosystem, from factor to factor, as producers and consumers are eaten. The flow of energy in this way is what we call the food chain.

  32. Knowing what you know about what eats what in an ecosystem, make two food chains using the following lists of organisms: DO NOW!

  33. Grasshopper Snake Mouse Hawk Plant Phytoplankton (autotrophic) Sailfish Zooplankton (heterotrophic) Cod Fish Killer Whale Terrestrial Food Chain Marine Food Chain DO NOW! *Also…indicate the primary producers and the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers of each chain.

  34. In real life, food chains are not this simple as several different, but interrelated (connected) food chains combine together into a food web. The food chains are interrelated because animals do not eat the same food every meal. Food Web

  35. Every 3 bites! A keystone species is a species whose very presence contributes to a diversity of life and whose extinction would consequently lead to the extinction of other forms of life. Keystone species help to support the ecosystem (entire community of life) of which they are a part. Ex. Honeybees:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIUo3STj6tw

  36. Food WEB

  37. Food web • Looking at the previous food web, name 3 things that happen if alligators were removed from the food web? • ___________________________ • Name 3 things that would happen if grass was removed from the food web? • _________________________________

  38. Food Chains

  39. Now that’s a Food Chain!

  40. But how did it all get here?

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