NPT or CTR? Gains and Losses for Stockpile Security

NPT or CTR?Gains and Losses for Stockpile Security Lars van Dassen, SKI Morten Bremer Märli, NUPI

Three Objectives: • I: Highlight differences and similarities between the NPT and CTR • II: Address inter-operability • III: Recommendations

What is the NPT ? Art III Art VI Art I Art II Art II + IV Art II

What is CTR ? Cooperative Threat Reduction: Activities to implement nuclear weapons disarmament (dismantlement) and security of materials; primarily in Russia and the FSU; initiated by the USA and adhered to by an increasing number of states both (donors and recipients) for instance in the framework of the G-8 DGP

A NPT/CTR relationship ? CTR NPT

ARRANGEMENT: Treaty, institutions, (sg) agreements PARTIES: States RELATION: Equal with subdivision into NNWS and NWS etc. ARRANGEMENT: Bilateral agreements with institutional coating G-8 DGP PARTIES: States RELATION: donor-recipient Differences and similarities (1)NPT CTR

ACTORS: States and authorities MEANS: Diplomacy, reciprocity TIME FRAME: Permanent ACTORS: States, authorities, facilities and NGOs MEANS: Diplomacy, funding, negotiations, contracts TIME FRAME: plus/minus 2012 Differences and similarities (2)NPT CTR

FOCUS: Disarmament/non-proliferation relation, nuclear materials and activities under sg. OUTREACH: Global FOCUS: Disarmament treaties, nuclear security, security of radioactive materials etc. OUTREACH: Regional Differences and similarities (3)NPT CTR

DOES FOR STOCKPILE SECURITY: Nothing in NWS, a lot in NNWS (accounting, activities and motivation check) DOES FOR STOCKPILE SECURITY: Quite a lot in NWS (nws) and NNWS - that are assistance recipients (mainly physical protection) Differences and similarities (4)NPT CTR

Inter-operability of the NPT and CTR ? (1) Approximate quotes: “We need CTR as a cure for all problems and countries” (Henry Hyde) “Instead of the ‘avalanche of acronyms’ of the NPT system we need sound practical measures to stop proliferation”. (John Wolf)

Inter-operability of the NPT and CTR ? (2) While the NPT and CTR are different - the mentioned quotes overlook how the NPT and CTR can be used as reciprocally supporting - though also complicating - tools…….

Inter-operability of the NPT and CTR ? (3) What can the NPT do for CTR? • Provide a moral backbone for non-proliferation and disarmament measures that is otherwise absent • Reduce arms twisting • Broaden the scope of CTR to include materials accounting issues and states non-proliferation motivation

Inter-operability of the NPT and CTR ? (4) What can CTR do for/to the NPT? • Provide informal and quick handling of proliferation risks • Offer a sensitive and case-adapted entry to the non-proliferation regime • Obfuscate non-proliferation nomenclature • Turn attention away from NPT obligations, particularly Art VI

Recommendations • Refer to the NPT when you do CTR • Beware of the CTR nomenclature • Use CTR to strengthen adherence to NPT obligations and objectives • Make sure CTR investments are not undermined by irresponsibility in nuclear weapons development / absence of disarmament

Thank you for taking a look at this issue

NPT or CTR? Gains and Losses for Stockpile Security