Chapter 5 Lecture Presentation

1. Chapter 5Lecture Presentation Understanding Your Sexuality

2. Sexuality • Sensuality: Awareness and feelings about our body and other people’s bodies, especially the body of your sexual partner. • Intimacy: The ability to be close to another human being emotionally and to accept closeness in return. • Sexual Identity: A person’s understanding of who he or she is sexually, including the sense of maleness or femaleness.

3. Sexuality • Sexual health and reproduction: A person’s attitudes and behaviors related to producing children, care and maintenance of the sexual and reproductive organs, and health consequences of sexual behavior. • Sexualization: The use of sexuality to influence, control, or manipulate others—in ways that may be harmful or exploitative.

4. Sexual Anatomy and Physiology • By understanding the functions of the male and female reproductive systems, you will be better able to derive pleasure and satisfaction from your sexual relationships, be sensitive to your partner’s wants and needs, and make responsible choices regarding your own sexual health.

5. Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

6. Female Reproductive System: External Anatomy

7. Female Reproductive System: Internal Organs

8. The Onset of Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle • Puberty: The time during which female reproductive system matures. • Menarche: The onset of the first menstrual period (which normally occurs between 9 to 17 years of age). • Ovulation: The phase of the menstrual cycle at which the ovarian wall ruptures and releases a mature egg. • Menstrual cycle: Its three phases over an average of 28 days include the: • Proliferative phase • Secretory phase • Menstrual phase

9. The Three Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

10. Hormonal Control and Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

11. Menstrual Problems • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) • Dysmenorrhea • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) • It is estimated that about 75 percent of women experience PMS every month, but symptoms are mild and short-lived for most.

12. Menopause • Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation; it generally occurs between ages 40 and 60. • It results in decreased estrogen levels, which may cause vaginal dryness, hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and joint pain. • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was once widely used however, its use is now declining because of the health concerns that it may present.

13. Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

14. Male Reproductive System: External Anatomy

15. Male Reproductive System: Internal Organs

16. Andropause • Older men generally have lower testosterone levels than younger men. These men may experience: • Changes in sexual function • Changes in sleep patterns • Physical changes • Emotional changes

17. Points of View: Circumcision—Risk Versus Benefit

18. Human Sexual Response • Stages of sexual response include the following: • Excitement/arousal—Vasocongestion (increased blood flow that causes swelling in the genitals) stimulates male and female genital responses. • Plateau—Voluntary and involuntary muscle tensions increase. • Orgasm—Vasocongestion and muscle tension reach their peak, and rhythmic contractions occur throughout the genital regions. • Resolution—Muscle tension and vasocongestion subside.

19. Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Response

20. Sexual Response among Older Adults Changes that occur in older people include the following: • Women • Skin becomes less elastic. • Internal organs shrink. • Vaginal walls become thinner. • Vaginal lubrication decreases. • Men • Achieving an erection requires more direct and prolonged stimulation. • Erection becomes less firm. • Intensity of ejaculation decreases.

21. Both men and women frequently experience a decline in libido, or sex drive, as they grow older. However, the desire for physical contact and intimacy does not decrease with age, and many men and women continue to have active and fulfilling sex lives well into their later years. How Does Aging Affect One’s Libido?

22. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology • Sexual Identity is determined by the interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and social factors. • The father’s fertilizing sperm determines the child’s sex. All eggs (ova) carry an X chromosome; sperm may carry either an X or Y chromosome. If a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes an egg, the resulting combination of sex chromosomes (XX) produces a female. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an egg, the XY combination produces a male.

23. What Influences Sexual Identity Besides Biology?

24. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology • Intersex: A variety of conditions in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definition of male or female. These are also called disorders of sexual development (DSD). • Gonads: The reproductive organs in men and women; testes produce sperm in males and ovaries produce eggs in females. • Puberty: The period of sexual maturation.

25. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology • Socialization: The process by which a society communicates behavioral expectations to its individual members. • Gender roles: The expression of maleness or femaleness in everyday life. • Gender-role stereotype: The generalizations concerning how men and women should express themselves and the characteristics each possesses.

26. Your Sexual Identity: More Than Biology • Androgyny: This term refers to having high levels of both masculine and feminine traits in a single person. • Gender Identity: The personal awareness of being masculine or feminine. • Transgendered: Having a gender identity that does not match one’s biological sex.

27. Gender Transition • What challenges do you think a family as a whole would face if one parent decided that he or she wanted to have a sex change operation? • How do the boys react when interviewed about how their daddy became their other mommy? Do you think Rene and Chloe’s honesty with the boys was a good approach to explaining their new situation? Why or why not? • What kind of conversation would you have with your child in discussing gender transition?

28. Intersexuality • People with intersex are born with various levels of male and female biological characteristics, ranging from different chromosomal arrangements to a variety of primary and secondary characteristics. • Caster Semenya, shown right, is a South African middle-distance runner who is intersex. • Not all persons with intersex opt for surgery if it is not medically required.

29. Sexual Orientation • Sexual orientation: A person’s enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other persons. • Heterosexual: Experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the opposite sex. • Homosexual: Experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the same sex.

30. Homophobia • Why do you think people responded so differently to the “gay basher” during his different bashing tactics—male bonding, making jokes, and being offensive? • What do you think the actor meant when he said he’s used to having to “negotiate in order to avoid violence” in public? Do you think it is fair that a gay couple would feel the need to modify their behavior in public in order to avoid conflict? • In what ways can you promote tolerance as an American value and end negative gay stereotypes?

31. Expressing Your Sexuality • Common sociocultural standards in Western culture include: • The coital standard • The orgasmic standard • The two-person standard • The romantic standard • The safer-sex standard

32. Oral–genital stimulation Cunnilingus Fellatio Vaginal intercourse Anal intercourse Options for Sexual Expression • Celibacy • Autoerotic behaviors • Sexual fantasies • Masturbation • Kissing and erotic touching • Manual stimulation

33. As with any other human behavior, the idea of “normal” sexual behavior varies from person to person and society to society, usually along a spectrum of perceived acceptability or appropriateness. What is “Normal” Sexual Behavior?

34. Variant Sexual Behavior • Variant sexual behavior describes sexual behavior that most people do not engage in, for example: • Group sex • Transvestism • Fetishism • Exhibitionism • Voyeurism • Sadomasochism • Pedophilia • Autoerotic asphyxiation

35. Sexuality and Disability • Disabled people are not asexual as a rule, and it is possible for a disabled person to have a sex life. • Challenges may be physical and psychological. • Each disabled person is unique, and it is important to consider that person’s challenges and feelings.

36. Misperceptions about Sex on Campus • Approximately 76 percent of college students report having had one or no sexual partners in the previous school year. However, 83 percent thought the typical student had had more than one partner. • Forty-four percent of students report having had oral sex one or more times in the previous 30 days, but 93 percent thought that the typical student had had oral sex at least once during that time.

37. Misperceptions about Sex on Campus • Forty-nine percent report having had vaginal sex in the past 30 days, but 95 percent thought that the typical student had vaginal intercourse at least once during that time. • Five percent report having had anal intercourse in the last 30 days, but 57 percent thought that the typical student had had anal sex at least once during that time. • Two percent of females report having had an unintentional pregnancy and 2.1 percent of males reported having impregnating someone during the past school year.

38. Sexual Dysfunction • Sexual desire disorders • Inhibited sexual desire • Sexual aversion disorder • Sexual arousal disorders • Erectile dysfunction (ED) • Orgasm disorders • Premature ejaculation • Female orgasmic disorder • Sexual performance disorders

39. Sexual Dysfunction • Sexual pain disorders • Dyspareunia: pain experienced by women during intercourse • Vaginismus: involuntary contraction of the vaginal muscles, making penile insertion painful or impossible • Seeking help for sexual dysfunction • American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT)

40. Drugs and Sex • Alcohol is notorious for reducing inhibitions and promoting feelings of well-being and desirability. At the same time, alcohol inhibits sexual response; the mind may be willing while the body is not. • “Date rape” drugs are becoming prevalent on college campuses and have been a growing concern in recent decades.

41. The Sex Industry • Pornography refers to any visual or literary depiction of sexual activity intended to be sexually arousing. • Pornographic websites make up 12 percent of all websites. • Of adult Internet users in the United States, over 40 percent visit pornographic sites each month. • Prostitution is the practice of engaging in sexual acts for money. • Illegal sex workers often have issues with substance abuse, sexual violence, and sexually transmitted diseases.

42. Responsible and Satisfying Sexual Behavior • Healthy sexuality results from assimilating information and skills, exploring values and beliefs, and making responsible and informed choices. It includes the following: • Good communication as the foundation • Acknowledging that you are a sexual person • Understanding the sexual structures and their functions • Accepting and embracing your gender identity and your sexual orientation

43. Assessing Yourself–A Personal Inventory • Take the What Are Your Sexual Attitudes and Preferences? survey on pages 163 and 164 in your textbook. • Are you comfortable with your sexual identity and orientation? • Are you comfortable accepting people who may be different from you? • If you are sexually active, are you able to communicate honestly with your partner?