Chapter 10 Lecture Presentation

1. Chapter 10Lecture Presentation Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction

2. What Is Addiction? • Addiction is a persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance, including mood-altering behaviors or activities, despite ongoing negative consequences. • Substance addiction refers to dependence on a specific substance. • Process addiction refers to dependence on a behavior.

3. What Is Addiction? • Addiction has four common symptoms: • Compulsion, characterized by obsession • Loss of control • Negative consequences • Denial

4. Habit versus Addiction • A habit is repeated behavior in which the repetition may be unconscious. • Compulsion refers to preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it; it also involves experiencing discomfort if the behavior is not performed.

5. Addiction Affects Family and Friends • Codependence occurs when a person becomes bound or addicted to the addict. • Codependents find it hard to set boundaries and often live in a chaotic, crisis-oriented mode. • They often assume the responsibility for meeting the addict’s needs, even at their own expense.

6. Addiction Affects Family and Friends • Enablers knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behaviors. • Codependents are the primary enablers of their addicted loved ones, although anyone who has contact with an addict can be an enabler. • Enablers are generally unaware that their behaviors support the addict.

7. How Addiction Develops • Addiction is a process that evolves over time. • Nurturing though avoidance happens when a person repeatedly seeks the illusion of relief by avoiding unpleasant feelings or situations. • Eventually as the addict becomes more dependent, there is deterioration in relationships and after time, the addictive behavior is no longer pleasurable.

8. Cycle of Psychological Addiction

9. The Physiology of Addiction • All intellectual, emotional, and behavioral functions occur as a result of biochemical interactions between nerve cells in the body. • Neurotransmitters exert influence at specific sites on nerve cells. • Mood-altering substances and experiences produce tolerance, where ever-larger dosing is required to achieve the desired effect. • Withdrawal occurs when the drug or experience is removed.

10. The Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction • Addiction is caused by a variety of factors operating together: • Psychological factors • Biological or disease influences • Environmental influences • Social aspects

11. Social Learning Theory • This theory proposes that people learn behaviors by watching role models. • The effects of this modeling, imitation, and identification with behavior from early childhood is well established. • Consider which positive modeling you have been exposed to and adopted and which negative modeling you have adopted.

12. Risk Factors for Addiction

13. Addictive Behaviors • Process addictions are behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood-altering. • Disordered or pathological gambling • Compulsive buying disorder • Technology addiction • Work addiction • Exercise addiction • Sexual addiction • Multiple addictions

14. Tips for Controlling Your Gambling

15. Compulsive Buying Disorder • $23,000 is the average amount of debt that a compulsive shopper owes. • Compulsive buying can be seasonal or may occur when a person is depressed or lonely. • Compulsive shoppers may borrow money repeatedly from family, friends, or institutions in spite of the problems that result from doing so.

16. Money Rehab • In what ways do you think Nikki’s compulsive spending disorder causes stress and problems in her marriage? • What do you think the clinical psychologist means when he states “Money is the symptom but not the disease.” • What connections did Nikki make between her shopping compulsion and childhood memories and trauma? What does this suggest about the effects that psychological factors can have on an addiction?

17. Technology Addictions • Internet addiction includes compulsive use of the following: • Computer • E-mail • Networking websites • Games • Shopping • Blogging • Personal digital assistants (PDAs) • Cell phones • Video games

18. Signs of Work Addiction

19. Exercise Addiction • Exercise addicts are people who exercise compulsively to try to meet needs of nurturance, intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency. • Traditionally, women have been perceived as being more at risk for exercise addiction. However, evidence is growing that more men are developing unhealthy exercise patterns.

20. Sexual Addiction and Multiple Addictions • Sexual addiction results from confusing the intensity of physical arousal with intimacy. • Sexually addicted people do not feel nurtured and are usually incapable of nurturing another person because sex, not the other person, is the object of their affection. • As many as 60 percent of people in treatment have problems with more than one addiction. • The figure may be as high as 75 percent for people addicted to chemicals.

21. Hidden Addictions • After watching the video, how would you define a hidden addiction? • What are some common warning signs that are characteristic of someone who is hiding an addiction? • If you suspect someone you know has a secret addiction, why is it important to speak up and tell someone else?

22. Activity Break • Take a second to think about why you think addicts resist seeking treatment even when they admit to having a problem. • What factors do you believe need to be considered in helping addicted individuals prevent relapse?

23. Recovering from Addiction • Intervention is a planned process of confronting the addict by people who are important to the addict, including his or her spouse, family members, boss, and friends. • Treatment for addiction generally begins with abstinence and then detoxification. Finding a quality treatment program can be an important part of addiction recovery. • Relapse may be an isolated occurrence or a full return to addictive behavior. It should not be interpreted as failure but rather be met with a response to remind the addict that he or she is addicted and needs to return to treatment.

24. Assessing Yourself–A Personal Inventory • Did you take the Are You Addicted? assessment on pages 343 to 345? • Using a scale of 1 through 5, where 5 reflects a problem for you and 1 reflects no issue with a behavior, consider the following: • Do you think you use any particular substance too much? • Do you have any behaviors that you consider to be compulsive, such as gambling, shopping, use of technology, work, exercise, or sexual activity? • If you rank 4 or 5 on any of these, are you ready to make a change?