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Agenda

Agenda. Quick introduction Three sins Password compromise Weak passwords Password verifiers Questions?. Everybody hates passwords. Users. ERROR: Password must be at least 10 characters and contain uppercase, lowercase, numbers and special characters (!”#€%&[]) . Everybody hates passwords.

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • Quick introduction • Three sins • Password compromise • Weak passwords • Password verifiers • Questions?

  2. Everybody hates passwords Users ERROR: Password must be at least 10 characters and contain uppercase, lowercase, numbers and special characters (!”#€%&[])

  3. Everybody hates passwords Security experts

  4. Password compromise • Passwords • Authentification method  Confidentiality • Portable Can shift hands • The single most important flaw of passwords

  5. Tricked! Phishing Social engineering

  6. Sniffing

  7. Bribed!

  8. Bribed!

  9. Forced!

  10. How to protect yourself against passwords compromise • Watch out for phishing/social engineering • Educate your users to check the URL! • Educate your users to never reveal their credentials • Watch out for sniffing • Use SSL communication • Educate your users to say no to chocolate • Don’t rely on passwords for critical systems • Use several layers of authentication

  11. Don’t use weak passwords! SSH server 768 bit Size: 8 alphanumeric Network traffic RSA Password ITU Factorising 768 bit key: operations = 2000 years for one computer Source: Bruce Schneier 2010 Password = superman

  12. What is a weak password • Work RelatedNames • Pop Culture • Artist/Band • Movies • Brands • Dictionary Words • Personal Information • Family • Pet • Interests and hobbies

  13. Other types of weak passwords • Password iteration • Summer2012 • fall2012 • Not requiring password changes • Default password • Routers • Servers • Embedded software

  14. Bigger is Better? Password: A7hGvH76#!0$JK_hgAf56Rg+9(/rF2387Hg>N combinations VIOLATES!!! • PsychologicalAcceptability • Users willmake it easy for • themselves and find a ”loop-hole”

  15. Don’t store cleartext passwords! • Oops, the bad guy got access to my database • SQL Injection could make passwords public • Disgruntled employees could steal all passwords • Passwords are often reused across systems • Password often carry sensitive information • Password = SistersNameAndBirthdate • Or actual secrets...

  16. Don’t store cleartext passwords! Password = iCheated69Times Password = IShotJFK!

  17. Instead store password verifiers! • Use a key derivation function • Ex. a cryptographic hash • Problems?

  18. Use a salted hash! + =

  19. Example: Salted hash • Creation of a password DB Plaintext Password Random Salt Hashing (Plaintext Password + Salt) DB Password Hash

  20. Example: Salted hash • Verification of a password DB Plaintext Password Stored Salt Hashing (Plaintext Password + Salt) Password Hash = ? DB Stored Hash

  21. Conclusion

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