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Getting to Know Some Familiar Faces

Getting to Know Some Familiar Faces. Plant Taxonomy & Families. Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species. Botany Basics. Calyx : outermost whorl of flower; made up of sepals Corolla : located inside calyx; brightly colored; petals can be separate or fused.

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Getting to Know Some Familiar Faces

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  1. Getting to Know Some Familiar Faces Plant Taxonomy & Families

  2. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  3. Botany Basics • Calyx: outermost whorl of flower; made up of sepals • Corolla: located inside calyx; brightly colored; petals can be separate or fused. • Stamens (male): located inside corolla; composed of anther & filament • Pistils(female): located in the innermost part of flower; composed of ovary, style and stigma

  4. Recognizing Leaf Arrangement

  5. Leaves: Shapes & Margins

  6. Rosaceae • 100 genera – 3000 species • Shrubby plants with thorns or prickles • Key words: 5 sepals, 5 petals with many stamens; alternate oval serrated leaves • Fruit – aggregate of achenes • Most have stipules • Fruits (hips) edible • Medicinal traits: astringent (roots<bark/stems<leaves)

  7. Rubus spp. Prunus spp. Cratageus spp. Rosa spp. Alchemilla spp. Fragaria spp. Blackberry, Raspberry Cherry Hawthorne Nootka Rose Lady’s Mantle Strawberry Rosaceae

  8. Rosaceae members in BU Herb Garden Alchemilla mollis Filipendula ulmaris Agrimonia eupatoria

  9. Apiaceae (Parsley Family) • 460 genera/ 4250 species • Key words: Umbellate inflorescences; usually hollow flower stalks • Exclusively herbaceous • Deeply dissected compound leaves • Fruit – Schizocarp or drupe • Apium, Carum, Foeniculum, Petroselinum • Medicinal traits: rich in aromatic volatile oils

  10. Apiaceae members in BU Herb Garden Ligusticum porteri Foeniculum vulgare Angelica archangelica Levisticum officinale

  11. Toxic Apicaeae Plants & Compounds Furanocoumarin burns Poison Hemlock: Conium maculatum Water Hemlock: Cicuta douglasii

  12. Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) • 1160 genera; >21,000 species • Key words: composite flowers in disk-like heads often with multiple layers of bracts • Annual and perennial herbs or shrubs • Taproots or tubers • Petals composed of disk flowers, ray flowers or both • Consists of 2 sub-families • Dandelion • Aster • further divided into 11 tribes Image from: www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com

  13. Asteraceae Sub-families • Dandelion Sub-family • Ray flowers overlap to center (no disk flowers) • Petals are strap-like with parallel edges and squared-off ends • Contain bitter, milky juice • Includes dandelion, chicory, lettuce

  14. Asteraceae Sub-families Arctium Arnica Artemesia Eupatorium Inula Matricaria • Aster Sub-family • Medicinal traits: Resins & Volatile oils • 7 tribes represented in BU garden • Artichoke Tribe • Groundsel Tribe • Everlasting Tribe • Sunflower Tribe • Chamomile Tribe • Aster Tribe • Boneset Tribe Echinacea Grindelia

  15. Fabaceae (Pea Family) • 600 genera – 13,000 species • Key Words: banner, wings & keel; pea-like pods and usually pinnate leaves • Consists of 6 sub-families which includes herbs, woody shrubs and trees ranging from barely edible to barely poisonous. • Most members form symbiotic relationship with bacteria in soil. Image from www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com

  16. Pea Sub-families • Clover Tribe • N2-fixation • Aerial parts are edible & high in vitamins, minerals and are a good source of plant protein • Traditionally, red clover was used as an alterative, and expectorant • Alfalfa was used as diuretic to aid chronic conditions like arthritis and is thought to help stabilize high cholesterol • Phytochemical traits: contain coumarins and phytoestrogens Trifolium pratense Medicago sativa

  17. Pea Sub-families • Licorice Tribe • Roots from 4 to 5 y.o. plants used medicinally • Licorice has affinity for mucous membranes and is a mild anti-inflammatory • Astragalus has immune-modulating polysaccharides

  18. Lamiaceae (Mint Family) • 258 genera/ 6970 species • Key words: Square stems and opposite leaves; aromatic • Herbaceous plants and woody shrubs. • Cymose inflorescences – bilabiate flowers • Schizocarp (4 nutlets) • Medicinal traits: rich in volatile oils • Primary action on GI and CNS Image from www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com

  19. Lamiaceae members in BU herb garden Lavandula Thymus Mentha pulegium Scutellaria Salvia sclarea Leonurus Mentha piperata Marrubium

  20. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) • Mustard family • 375 genera/ 3200 species • Key Words: 4 petals and 6 stamens--4 tall and 2 short. • Acrid juice or latex • 4 petal flowers arranged in a cross • Sulphur containing compounds – Glucosinolates • Brassica spp., Amoracia rusticana Capsella bursa-pastoris Image from www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com

  21. Brassicaceae members in BU Herb Garden Amoracia rusticana Capsella bursa-pastoris

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