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Effects of a World War in Canada

Effects of a World War in Canada. War Measures Act. Created in 1914 – may be invoked during war, invasion, or insurrection (uprising). Gives the government powers over citizens Arrest without charge detain without trial seize & dispose without charge Censor the news media

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Effects of a World War in Canada

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  1. Effects of a World War in Canada

  2. War Measures Act • Created in 1914 – may be invoked during war, invasion, or insurrection (uprising). • Gives the government powers over citizens • Arrest without charge • detain without trial • seize & dispose without charge • Censor the news media • Tell farmers and factory-owners what to produce • Exercised through Cabinets orders. Does not require approval of Parliament.

  3. Use in Canada, WWI • Immigrants from nations that were connected directly or indirectly with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany (Austria, Hungary, Germany and Ukraine) were classed as enemy aliens under the War Measures Act. • required to carry ID at all times • not permitted to: • possess firearms • leave the country without permission • publish or read anything in a language other than English or French.

  4. Treatment of “Enemy Aliens” • Thousands of these enemy aliens wereinterned in camps or deported from Canada. • German and Ukrainian Canadians • not until the labour shortage in Canada were these interned individuals released in an attempt to boost the economy and the war effort.

  5. Internment Camps • Hard physical labour, for little pay (25 cents a day; Soldiers in Canadian Military earned $1.10/day) • Chop wood, cut ice, break rocks, build roads • Internment camp workers built parts of many of Canada’s National Parks (Banff especially!) • Isolated from Canadian society; camps were in remote locations

  6. Castle Mountain Internment Camp, Banff, Alberta

  7. Castle Mountain Internment Camp, Banff, Alberta

  8. Working in Winter

  9. Memorial in Banff NP

  10. Cemetery from Ukrainian Internment Camp; Kapuskasing ON

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