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1. BRONZE = COPPER + TIN STATUES AND ORNAMENTS CARBON DIOXIDE TURNS BLUE LITMUS RED, WHICH MEANS IT IS AN ACID
2. THE WATER CONTAINS CALCIUM SALTS WHICH TURN INTO LIMESCALE WHEN HEATED. THIS STICKS TO THE PIPE. LIMESTONE Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu
3. IONIC BOND ONE ATOM TRANSFERS ELECTRONS TO ANOTHER CREATING + AND – IONS WHICH ATTRACT EACH OTHER ORANGE JUICE, VINEGAR, SOUR MILK, COLA, RAIN TOOTHPASTE, BREAD SODA, MILK OF MAGNESIA WASHING SODA
4. CARBON NITROGEN TO STOP THE INK SEEPING INTO THE WATER BELOW IT THE INK IS SOLUBLE IN THE WATER AND TRAVELS UP THE PAPER WITH IT.
5. THERE IS AN INCREASE IN THE ENERGY OF THE GAS MOLECULES AND THEY LEAVE THE SOLUTION. 160
6. CO2 H2O WATER EVAPORATION DIFFERS FROM PLACE TO PLACE
7. AIR IS DRAWN THROUGH THE LIMEWATER . THE LIMEWATER GOES MILKY WHITE
8. THE LIQUID WILL TURN BLUE COBALT CHLORIDE TO PINK
9. SETTLEMENT TANKS ALLOWS SOLIDS AND SUSPENDED PARTICLES TO SETTLE TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TANKS.
10. FILTRATION WATER IS FILTERED THROUGH BEDS OF SAND TO REMOVE SUSPENDED PARTICLES CHLORINATION CHLORINE IS ADDED TO KILL HARMFUL BACTERIA IN THE WATER FLUORIDATION PREVENTS TOOTH DECAY
11. WEAR PROTECTIVE GEAR WHEN DOIG CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS ONLY USE EQUIPMENT WHEN TOLD TO BY YOUR TEACHER.
12. ADD POTASSIUM METAL TO A BASIN OF WATER. THE POTASSIUM WILL FLOAT ON THE WATER AND REACT SO VIOLENTLY THAT IT WILL CATCH FIRE. A FIZZING NOISE WILL BE HEARD AS HYDROGEN GAS IS PRODUCED.
13. ALKALI METALS THEY REACT WITH OXYGEN TO FORM OXIDES TOUCH A PIECE OF UNIVERSAL INDICATOR PAPER AGAINST THE LEMON. COMPARE THE COLOUR TO PH CHART.
14. ATOMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT WHICH HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS OXYGEN OR WATER PAINTING, OILING OR GREASING
15. ADD MORE COPPER SULPHATE AND STIR TO DISSOLVE NO MORE COPPER SULPHATE WILL DISSOLVE IN THE SOLUTION
16. CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 MANGANESE DIOXIDE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DECOMPOSING TO GIVE OXYGEN GAS
17. PLASTIC WASTE IS UNSIGHTLY IN THE ENVIRONMENT PLASTIC WASTE IS EXPENSIVE TO DISPOSE OF. CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY MICRO-ORGANISMS MADE FROM RENEWABLE MATERIALS
18. WATER IT WOULD TURN BLUE COBALT CHLORIDE TO PINK LIMEWATER CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE BURNING WAX TURNS IT MILKY WHITE COAL
19. AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE WHICH CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO ANYTHING SIMPLER BY CHEMICAL MEANS. A COMPOUND IS TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS WHICH ARE CHEMICALLY COMBINED
20. NON-METALS METALS
21. MAGNESIUM IS NOW CHEMICALLY COMBINED WITH OXYGEN FROM OXYGEN IN THE AIR MAGNESIUM OXIDE, MgO
22. TWO OR MORE ATOMS CHEMICALLY COMBINED COVALENT BONDING
23. THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS IN A COMPOUND IS CALLED AN IONIC BOND . SODIUM CHLORIDE
24. SHAKE THE WATER SAMPLE WITH SOAP FLAKES. THE HARD WATER REQUIRES A LOT OF SOAP TO PRODUCE A LATHER. CALCIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE
25. SOFT. THE RESIN WILL HAVE REMOVED ALL OF THE IONS WHICH CAUSE HARDNESS. TEST THE WATER SAMPLE WITH SOAP FLAKES. IT WILL REQUIRE VERY LITTLE SOAP TO PRODUCE A LATHER.
26. CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY, MgO DOES NOT Mg IS MALLEABLE, MgO IS NOT DISSOLVES THE LIMESTONE ACIDS IN RAIN REACT WITH THE LIMESTONE
27. SAND SALT OR WATER
28. SOFT HARDNESS LEFT IN TEST TUBE A CHLORINATION FILTRATION HEAT ELECTRIC
29. TUBE A TO REMOVE OXYGEN FROM WATER TO PREVENT OXYGEN GETTING BACK INTO TUBE OXYGEN NEEDED FOR RUSTING
30. 18
31. LEAVE TO COOL CRYSTALS WILL FORM FILTER THE CRYSTALS Crystals forming Solution of copper sulphate
32. A SCALE FROM 0 TO 14 USED TO MEASURE THE DEGREE OF ACIDITY USING A PH METER GASTRIC JUICE BLOOD
33. ELECTROLYSIS TO IMPROVE ITS CONDUCTIVITY
34. OXYGEN RELIGHTS A GLOWING SPLINT HYDROGEN BURNS WITH A LOUD POP 2 HYDROGEN AND 1 OXYGEN
35. HYDROGEN HYDROCHLORIC ACID
36. CALCIUM COPPER CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC, COPPER WEAR GOGGLES
37. SULPHUR DIOXIDE CAUSES ACID RAIN
38. NO DEFINITE SHAPE LIQUIDS HAVE A DEFINITE VOLUME
39. BUNSEN BURNER/ CRUCIBLE TRIPOD STAND/ CLAY TRIANGLE
40. Beaker of dirty water Filter funnel Filter paper Conical flask
41. 13 – 6 = 7 ISOTOPES
42. MEASURING THE VOLUME OF ACID NEEDED FOR NEUTRALISATION A SALT AND WATER ARE FORMED
43. REFRIDGERATION FIRE EXTINGUISHERS BURNS WITH A LOUD POP
44. Zn + 2HCl →ZnCl2 + H2
45. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE MANGANESE DIOXIDE
46. A CHEMICAL WHICH SPEEDS UP A REACTION WITHOUT BEING USED UP ITSELF. RESULT;RED LITMUS DID NOT CHANGE, BLUE LITMUS TURNED RED CONCLUSION: CARBON DIOXIDE IS AN ACID
47. DOES NOT FORM SUDS WITH SOAP CALCIUM HARD TO FORM SUDS WHEN WASHING BLOCKS HOT WATER PIPES BLOCKS HEATING ELEMENTS PROVIDES CALCIUM FOR BONES
48. DISTILLATION LIEBIG CONDENSER
49. B TASTE IT
50. COVALENT ATOMS SHARE ELECTRONS
51. CARBON DIOXIDE SODIUM LOSES AN ELECTRON CHLORINE GAINS AN ELECTRON ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION Potassium chloride
52. AN ALLOY IS A MIXTURE OF METALS BRASS IS USED FOR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES, DOOR HANDLES ETC.
53. HYDROCHLORIC ACID CALCIUM CARBONATE
54. CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC, COPPER ELECTRON (-1), PROTON (+1) ELECTRON (1/1840 AMU), PROTON (1AMU)
55. SAFETY GLASSES PERSPEX SHEET PAINTING, OILING, GREASING, ELECTROPLATING KEEPS OXYGEN AND WATER AWAY FROM THE METAL
56. A FUEL MADE FROM DECAYED ANIMALS AND PLANTS METHANE WHITE RED TURNS BLUE MgO IS A BASE
57. 3.6 mg/ 100g water It reduces the solubility of oxygen in the water RISING TEMPERATURES WILL REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE WATER THIS WILL REDUCE THE NUMBERS OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS LIVING IN THE OCEANS AND RIVERS.
58. THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM. ISOTOPES ARE ATOMS WHICH DIFFER ONLY BY THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS
59. ALKALINE EARTH METALS BECAUSE THEY HAVE EIGHT ELECTRONS ON THEIR OUTER SHELL AN IONIC BOND IS THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN OPPOSITELY CHARGED IONS IN A COMPOUND.
60. TABLE SALT AND COPPER SULPHATE THEY CONDUCT ELECTRICITY SO THAT THEY CAN BE FREE TO MOVE ABOUT AND CARRY CHARGE
61. LEMON JUICE, SODA WATER TOOTHPASTE, LIMEWATER PURE WATER
62. The water soaks up along the paper and carries the ink with it. As it does the different colours in the ink separate out because they travel at different speeds up the paper Test Tube Chromatography paper Water
63. THE INK FROM THE MARKER WITH A MIXTURE OF COLOURS WILL HAVE SEPARATED INTO A ITS DIFFERENT COLOURS.
64. CRUDE OIL THEY CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY LIVING THINGS
65. GRADUATED CYLINDER PIPETTE OR BURETTE CUT EASILY WITH A KNIFE FLOAT ON WATER REACT VIOLENT WITH WATER
66. A BOND WHERE THE ELECTRONS ARE SHARED BETWEEN THE ATOMS IS CALLED A COVALENT BOND.
67. SODIUM CHLORIDE CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS HAVE HIGH BOILING POINTS CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS HAVE REGULAR SHAPES
68. NaOH SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)
69. LIEBIG CONDENSER X PURE WATER SALT
70. A CONCENTRATED SOLUTION CONTAINS A LOT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLVENT. A DILUTE SOLUTION CONTAINS A SMALL AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN SOLUTE.
71. 80 70 50 40 30 20 0 10 70 30 100 20 80
72. 80 60 70 50 40 30 20 0 10 70 30 100 20 80
73. 60 DEGREES THE SOLUBILITY INCREASES AS THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES
74. IS A SUBSTANCE WHICH CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO ANYTHING SIMPLER BY CHEMICAL MEANS TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS WHICH ARE CHEMICALLY COMBINED.
75. We placed small pieces of universal indicator paper on a white tile and put a drop of each of the solutions being tested, in turn, on each of the test papers. We noted the colour change and find the pH from the colour chart. ORANGE JUICE VINEGAR
76. HCl CALCIUM CARBONATE
77. MORE DENSE THAN AIR NO EFFECT ON THE RED LITMUS TURNS BLUE LITMUS RED
78. REFRIDGERATION FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
79. PLACE EQUAL VOLUMES OF A & B IN TWO TEST TUBES. ADD TWO DROPS OF SOAP SOLUTION TO BOTH AND SHAKE. SEE WHICH FORMS PERMANENT SUDS. ‘A’ WONT FORM SUDS ‘B’ WILL FORM SUDS EASILY
80. CALCIUM SALTS CALCIUM IONS FILTRATION SETTLING CHLORINATION FLUORIDATION FILTRATION TAKES OUT ALL VISIBLE DIRT
81. Atoms of the same element which have different numbers of neutrons. Hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide Manganese dioxide
82. Sulphur dioxide It reacts with it causing it to wear away.
83. Use the same volume/strength of acid each time. CALCIUM, magnesium, zinc, copper
84. 2, 8, 8, 1 CaCO3 + H2O
85. To increase the conductivity of the water. Burns with a loud pop There are 2 H atoms for every O atom in water
86. Burette Pipette Release the acid from the burette, using the tap, into the base in the conical flask. Continue until the indicator in the conical flask changes colour. The volume of acid released can be read from the side of the burette. This is the volume required to neutralise the base.
87. Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
88. It moves up the paper with the water and the colours separate from each other. The spot will move with the water level and show no separation
89. They need a container with a lid to contain them. They do not flow
90. The gas will take up more space when hot The oxygen is used up. This causes the decrease. Remains Steady because no more oxygen left. Nitrogen No proper measurement markings on the bell jar.
91. any one from: beryllium/ magnesium/ calcium/ strontium/ barium/ radium
92. change of colour/ becomes flakey change of texture/ becomes softer looses strength tarnish/ rust (i)calcium chloride/ drying agent labelled/ clearly named in text (ii) boiled (de-gassed) water/ water with no air labelled/ clearly named in text oil labelled/ clearly named in text stoppers not required [no diagram/s deduct 3 or 6 marks]