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Functions and Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System

This overview explores the male reproductive system's anatomy and functions, highlighting key elements like the testes, sperm production, and the role of various glands in semen formation. The document discusses the importance of temperature regulation for sperm development, the structure of sperm cells, and conditions like cryptorchidism. It also covers the epididymis, ductus deferens, and the urethra, detailing how sperm travels from production to ejaculation. A comprehensive understanding of these components is essential for grasping male reproductive health.

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Functions and Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System

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  1. Human Anatomy Male Reproductive System

  2. Functions of ♂and ♀ • Production of sex cells (1° sex organ) • Delivery of sex cells to place of fertilization • ♀ -- development of embryo/fetus

  3. Overview of Male

  4. Testes (Testis, sng.) • 1° sex organ • production of sperm • Secretion of testosterone • Suspended within the scrotum • Scrotum is a pouch of skin with a thin muscular wall • Testes first appear at 7 weeks next to kidneys • Testes don’t descend into the scrotum until about 8 months of fetal age

  5. Cryptorchidism • Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum prior to birth • 3% of full term males • 30% of premature males • Most descend w/in a few weeks after birth • Sterility occurs if not descended • Usually removed by puberty -- cancerous

  6. Testes

  7. Scrotum • Wall comprised of smooth muscle – the Dartos • Cremaster m. (skeletal m.) attached to dermis • Temperature control of testes • Sperm development occurs at 35° • Sperm will not develop at body temperature.

  8. Testes Comprised of hollow tubing – seminiferous tubules This is where sperm develop

  9. Seminiferous Tubules

  10. Seminiferous Tubules • Each testis contains ~ 800 seminiferous tubules. • Each tubule is about 2.5 ft. in length. • Each testis contains ~ one half mile of tubing. • Sperm maturation takes about 9 weeks.

  11. Sperm

  12. Structure of Sperm • Sperm cells consist of: • Head – containing the nucleus (male DNA) 2. Middle piece and neck – contains large spiral mitochondrion 3. Tail – corkscrew motion to propel sperm 4. Acrosome – membrane bound bag of enzymes covering head.

  13. Testosterone Production Occurs in cells between seminiferous tubule. Interstitial cells or Cells of Leydig

  14. Epididymis

  15. Epididymus Posterior Superior Border of Testis

  16. Epididymis • Located on posterior/superior border of testes • Acts as recycling center for damaged sperm • Stores sperm for up to 2 months • Allows sperm to be fully functional -- capacitation

  17. Ductus (vas) Deferens

  18. Ductus (vas) Deferens • About 16 in. long • Begins at end of epididymis • Ascends into the abdominal cavity by piercing the anterior muscles • Courses around posterior surface of bladder • And then into the prostate gland

  19. Ductus (vas) Deferens Vas wall is mostly smooth muscle. Contraction propels sperm to utethra

  20. Three Glands • Secretions that mix with sperm. • Sperm + secretions = semen (ejaculate) • Typical ejaculate is about 2 – 5 ml (about 1 teaspoon containing 500 million sperm) • 3 glands are: • Seminal vesicles • Prostate gland • Bulbourethral glands

  21. 1. Seminal Vesicles Posterior surface of the urinary bladder 60% of total semen volume Contains large amount of fructose Seminal vesicle fuses with vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct

  22. Ejaculatory Duct Starts where vas fuses with 1st gland – seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct enters prostate gland

  23. Prostate and Urethra Ejaculatory duct enters urethra

  24. 2. Prostate Gland Contributes app. 25% total semen Volume May prevent Infections of Urinary tract

  25. 3 Portions of the Urethra • Prostatic – within the prostate gland • Membranous – passes through the pelvic muscles to enter the penis (shortest) • Penile – courses the entire span of the penile shaft (longest)

  26. 3 Portions of the Urethra

  27. 3. Bulbourethral Glands Secretes into membranous urethra –alkaline mucous

  28. Penis Glans Shaft

  29. Body (shaft) • Consists of 3 parallel columns of erectile tissue • 2 corpora cavernosa • 1 corpos spongiosum • Urethra runs through corpus spongiosum

  30. Cross Section of Penis

  31. Glans • Distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum • Opening of the urethra -- external urethral meatus

  32. Glans

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