BELLWORK: April 16 th

1. BELLWORK: April 16th Finish your Weimar Republic rdng/wkst FIRST! • Define totalitarian state. • Describe how the government was set up under the Weimar Republic. • Why did President Hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor in 1933? • List TWO things Hitler did after he was appointed chancellor. • THINKER: Why did democracy fail in Germany?

2. Failure of The German Weimar Republic

3. Maintain democracy or establish totalitarianism??? The rise of wwii governments

4. WWII TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS! Benito Mussolini (IT) Adolph Hitler (GR) Josef Stalin (USSR) If these totalitarian regimes were so oppressive, why did people support them?

5. Review • Describe the characteristics and beliefs of communism.

6. Totalitarian Governments Nazism (Germany) Fascism (Italy)

7. What is the difference between Fascism and Nazism? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUcYU95kCAI

8. BELLWORK: 4/17 • Read 678-679 and answer the following questions about Mussolini’s rise to power: • Why did Italians find fascism attractive? List three reasons! • Who was Benito Mussolini? How did he become Prime Minister? • Once in power, what changes did Mussolini make to the government? • How did Mussolini establish control over the people? • THINKER: Why was Mussolini’s Fascist regime less totalitarian than Hitler or Stalin?

9. Why did people support Mussolini? • Brought order to the nation post-WWI • Created feelings of patriotism and nationalism • Promised to take land that Italians “deserved”

10. Mussolini’s March on Rome: 1922

11. Benito Mussolini: Il Duce • Following the March on Rome in October 1922 he became the 27th Prime Minister of Italy. • Destroyed all political opposition and democratic freedoms through his secret police (OVRA or Blackshirts) • Within five years he established complete control and transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship

12. Mussolini and Blackshirt Youth Mussolini used organizations like these to spread propaganda and create a nation of fit, disciplined and “war-loving” citizens

13. WWII TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS! Benito Mussolini (IT) Adolph Hitler (GR) Josef Stalin (USSR) If these totalitarian regimes were so oppressive, why did people support them?

14. Partner Discussion & Review • How is communism different than fascism? • How are Nazism & Fascism similar and different? • What do all three totalitarian governments have in common? • If totalitarian regimes were oppressive and restrictive of individual rights/freedoms, why do you think so many people supported them? Why were these governments more appealing than democracy? Explain!

15. Totalitarian Governments Nazism (Germany) Fascism (Italy)

16. What is the difference between Fascism and Nazism? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUcYU95kCAI

17. Acts of Aggression • When each dictator was in power, there were specific acts that showed their aggression toward citizens. • Today, we are going to look specifically at each dictator and what they did to show their violence, hostility and anger. • As we discuss, fill in the last row of the blue graphic organizer

18. Mussolini’s Acts of Aggression • Recreate the Roman Empire (1925-1936) • Wanted to restore Italy’s power, influence, and pride by force! • It was the Italians destiny to recapture the greatness and glory of Ancient Rome! • Expansion into Libya  Allied with Hitler  Invasion of Ethiopia  Supported Fascist uprising in Spain

20. Mussolini’s Goal Territories Mussolini planned to take over Territories Mussolini actually took over Territories Mussolini had influence in

22. Did Mussolini achieve this goal?

23. Review: Mussolini’s Rise to Power • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7lw30qKFLw • Be ready to discuss: • Invasion of Ethiopia • How people viewed him • Response of other countries

24. Bellwork: 4/19 • Mussolini & Hitler were not the only totalitarian dictators during WWII. The Soviet Union’s transition to communism also caused it to become a totalitarian regime. To learn more about this, read pages 680-681 and answer the following: • Describe the power struggle following Lenin’s death in 1924. Why were there divisions between Trotsky & Stalin? • How did Stalin come to power in the Soviet Union? • What was the Five Year Plan? Was it successful? Why or why not? • Describe Stalin’s policy of collectivization. How does this relate to the goals of communism? • THINKER: After Stalin came to power, he enacted the Great Purge to get rid of people he did not like (prison, execution, labor camps, etc.) Make a prediction  what groups/people do you think Stalin targeted in the Purge? Why would he want to get rid of these people? Explain!

25. Lenin’s death in 1924 was mourned by millions in the Soviet Union! Many saw him as the founder of the Soviet Union and honored him as the “father of communism.”

27. Who would rule next??? Many thought Trotsky (far left) was Lenin’s chosen successor, but Joseph Stalin will eventually come to power in 1927. How and why does this happen?

28. Stalin’s Policy of Collectivization • Eliminate private property (farms, houses) and transfer all control to government • It now equally belongs to the “collective” (i.e. – all the people….equally!) • How does this relate to the main goals of communism? Another important aspect of collectivization was the establishment of communes where citizens would work & live together. Each had equal access to food, resources & tools.

29. Stalin’s Act of Aggression • The Great Purges (1936-1938) • Persecution, imprisonment, and execution of government officials. (~800,000) • Review  Why did Stalin purge members of his own party? • Lack of trials and use of violence, espionage and police force were vital to Stalin maintaining power.

31. Stalin & the Great Purges • You are now going to read more about the Great Purges. • Answer the ten questions on your note worksheet. • Do NOT write on the packet! • I will check your notes for points Monday.

32. Hitler’s Acts of Aggression • Enabling Act (1933) • Nuremburg Laws (1935): laws that classified Jews and restricted their rights & German citizenship. • Breaking the Treaty of Versailles (1936) • Kristallnacht (1938): one night massacre of Jewish homes, buildings, and synagogues. • Formation of ghettos (1938): Areas where minority groups are concentrated

33. Kristallnacht

36. Ghettos

37. OLD Bellwork & Content! • How is communism different than fascism? • List two similarities and two differences between fascism and Nazism. • What do all three totalitarian governments have in common? • THINKER: If totalitarian regimes were oppressive and restrictive of individual rights/freedoms, why do you think so many people supported them? Why were these governments more appealing than democracy? Explain!

39. Most people didn’t know Hitler as a harsh, racist, violent dictator who prohibited individual freedoms So why did so many people support him? These questions will be answered in a short article. As you read, answer the following questions in your notes Be ready to discuss! Summarize how Hitler was able to maintain strict control over Germany. What was the Gestapo? How did the Nazis use fear to stop freedom of speech? Summarize Hitler’s aims/goals as leader of Germany. How was Hitler able to come to power? Why did people support Hitler?

40. The Stalin Purges and “Show Trials” • How did Stalin attempt to improve the economy? What was the result of this? • How did Stalin use his secret police? How did they treat Stalin’s “enemies?” • Who was Sergei Kirov? What happened to him? Why? • Who did Stalin target in his Purges? (groups, people, professions, etc.) • What was Stalin’s reasoning for killing government officials? (Why did he do this?) • How did Stalin “simplify” the judicial system? • How did Stalin get people to confess? • What were the “show trials?” Purpose? • Describe some of the crimes Stalin’s “enemies” were charged with. • List three effects of Stalin’s Great Purges.

41. The Century, America’s Time: Over the Edge • This video covers the rise of Hitler, his acts of aggression and the causes of WWII. • As we watch, answer all the questions on the worksheet! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbDSaBtr2mU