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Methods of Administering Drugs: Administration Routes and Pharmaceutical Forms

Learn about various methods of administering drugs including oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, and topical application. Understand the pros and cons of each administration route and the different pharmaceutical forms used.

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Methods of Administering Drugs: Administration Routes and Pharmaceutical Forms

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  1. Administrationof drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Methods of administering drugs • oral administration • sublingual administration • rectal administration • parenteral administration • inhalation • topical application

  3. Oral administration • by mouth • form: • tablets • capsules • syrups

  4. convenient for the patient can be done at home possible destruction or inactivation possibly not absorbable useless in emergency Pros & Cons

  5. Sublingual administration • under the tongue • absorption into sublingual veins • form: tablets example: nitroglycerin

  6. Rectal administration • into the rectum • when vomiting or unable to swallow • form: • suppositories • aqueous solutions

  7. intracavitary intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous iubcutaneous form: injections Parenteral administration

  8. Intracavitary injection • into a body cavity (e.g. peritoneal, pleural) example: nitrogen mustard (intrapleural, prevents fluid accumulation)

  9. Intradermal injection • shallow • into upper layers of skin example: allergy testing

  10. Intramuscular injection • into muscle (buttock or upper arm) • when irritating to skin • when large amounts of long-acting drug needed example: adrenaline

  11. Intrathecal injection • into space under meninges surrounding spinal cord & brain example: methotrexate (in leukemia)

  12. Intravenous injection • into a vein • for immediate effect • when unsafe for other tissues • good technical skill needed (leakage may cause irritation & inflammation) example: heparin

  13. Subcutaneous injection • into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper arm, thigh, abdomen) example: insulin

  14. Inhalation • into nose or mouth • absorbed through alveoli • form: aerosols example: anesthetics, antiasthmatics

  15. Topical application • locally on skin or mucous membranes • form: • lotions • creams • ointments • transdermal patches • eyedrops, eardrops, nasal drops

  16. References • Handout • Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 1st Croatian edition Thank you!

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