Reduced Project Duration via Intelligent Scheduling for Submarine production & Maintenance

1. Reduced Project Duration via Intelligent Scheduling for Submarine production & Maintenance  Pacific International Maritime Conference2019 Jordan Ciricillo & Jorge Payne  General Dynamics Electric Boat Rob Richards, Ph.D. Stottler Henke Associates, Inc.

2. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

3. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

4. Efficient Scheduling Difficult • Model to level of detail required • Capture human reasoning • Different scheduling applications generally require different algorithms

5. Why can’t you search for the best order? • Ordering options scale as N!

6. Two tasks that can occur in either order (one at a time) results in two options

7. Three tasks that can occur in any order (one at a time) results in six options

8. Four tasks that can occur in any order (one at a time) results in twenty-four options

9. Why order matters? The example below involves jobs using two resources, green and gray B A E C D Schedule 1: B before C A B C E D Schedule 2: C before B A C B E D

10. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

11. Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Capture human reasoning • Different scheduling domains generally require different algorithms • Model to level of detail required

12. Scheduling results – refinery project

13. Microsoft Project results vsIntelligent SCHEDULING results

14. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

15. Learn from HUMAN SCHEDULERS • When decisions / tradeoffs need to be made, use the expertise of expert schedulers • So that the scheduling system reacts as a human expert wants it to  • E.g., when to work overtime, when to outsource • Different scheduling applications generally require different algorithms • Human experts help drive the best decision per algorithms

16. Aurora Architecture Human Directives Preprocessor Tasks, Resources, Constraints Task Queue Schedule Objects Task Ordering: Pick a Task Process Task Select/Assign Resources Task & Time Window Handle Problems Fix Problems & Optimize Schedule Propagate Constraints Criteria & Instructions Methods & Knowledge Guidance Problem Resolution Knowledge Knowledge Editors

17. Human knowledge DRIVES SETTINGS

18. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

19. MODEL TO level of detail required • Technical constraints (E.g., F-S, F-F, S-F, lags) • Resources • Labor: Occupation, skills, certifications • Equipment, Tools (e.g., cranes) • Usage constraints – e.g., tool can only be used for so many hours continuously &/or during a day. • Spatial / physical space – e.g., • job requires a certain location or type of space • two elements should (or should not) be next to each other • Equipment substitutions – equipment down, know & use substitutes

20. Concurrent CONSTRAINTS

21. Non-concurrent CONSTRAINT

22. NON-CONCURRENT constraints: red arrows

23. Outsource AUTOMATION 

24. Remaining duration override 

25. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

26. Reveal and explain the schedule

27. project network

28. Gantt chart color-coded PER USER desired criteria

29. Team assignment display

30. Network diagram showing single-element view option

31. Split view showing Gantt chart same time slice as histogram, showing activities constituting resource need for one time instance

32. Vehicle testing schedule with build pitch

33. Pharma Manufacturing Machine Utilization Report Shows overall utilization of products by line Allows planners to see overall allocation and line balancing

34. Automatically generated explanation

35. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs

36. Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs • Wall clock minimization to run a scenario critical so schedulers will actually run them • Provide ways to graphically compare results

37. What-If: Same Demand 3 vs 2 Lines

38. What-if: Demand Increase

39. What-if: WORK WEEKEND to GET BACK On Schedule

40. LESSONS • Efficient scheduling is incredibly difficult • Significant productivity lost due to inferior scheduling • Learn from the human schedulers • Model to level of detail required • Reveal & explain the schedule • Easy & fast to perform scenarios / what-ifs