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Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors. Extra Levels of Control. What?. Transcription factors (TF) diffusible proteins act at numerous sites on many chromosomes Influence transcription by interacting with other proteins or segments of DNA “Upstream” = being 5’ to the start site Negative numbers of bases

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Transcription Factors

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  1. Transcription Factors Extra Levels of Control

  2. What? • Transcription factors (TF) • diffusible proteins • act at numerous sites on many chromosomes • Influence transcription by interacting with other proteins or segments of DNA • “Upstream” = being 5’ to the start site • Negative numbers of bases • “Downstream” = being 3’ to the start site • Positive numbers of bases

  3. Why? • Finer control over transcription • Recruits RNA Polymerase II • Selective expression of specific genes • Protection of promoter sequences • Protection from denaturation & proteolysis • TATA box, upstream promoter element (UPE), Pribnow box, CpG islands, CAAT box, -10 to -35 • Adoption of specific 3D conformation of DNA

  4. Upstream Promoter Element (UPE)

  5. Transcription Inhibition

  6. Where? • Promoter & enhancer sequences on DNA • On transcriptional elements (TE) or enhansons • In the “open complex” of DNA • In the origin region of DNA • In the helix-loop-helix motif • In leucine zippers • In zinc fingers

  7. TATA box binding

  8. Zinc fingers

  9. Zinc Finger II March 2007 Molecule of the Month by David Goodselldoi: 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2007_3

  10. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/mike/spring2003/leucinezipper.jpghttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/mike/spring2003/leucinezipper.jpg

  11. Helix-loop-helix n0b311a.blogspot.com

  12. Helix-turn-helix FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29 (2005) 231–262

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