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Cells

Cells. The Cell Theory. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells (reproduction). Unicellular organism undergoing cell division. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes.

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Cells

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  1. Cells

  2. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells (reproduction). Unicellular organism undergoing cell division

  3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  4. Prokaryotes (bacteria) vs. Eukaryotes (cheek cells)

  5. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes What 3 structures can be found in all cells? cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

  6. Size of life

  7. Prokaryotic Cell (Bacterial Cell)

  8. Eukaryotic Cells – Animal Cell

  9. Eukaryotic Cell – Plant Cell

  10. Eukaryotic Cells – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell Which structures are unique to animal cells? Plant cells? Animal: Centriole Plant: Large Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Chloroplast

  11. Eukaryotic Cells – Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell

  12. A Cell is a Factory… • security: __________________ • machines/workers: _________ • shipping: _________________ • manufacturing/packaging: _________________ • waste disposal: ____________ • management: _____________ • power generator: ___________ • product: protein

  13. Cell Membrane • Double layer of lipids (fat) • A barrier that controls what enters and leaves the cell

  14. Ribosome • Appear as tiny, grain-like structures • Can be free in cytoplasm or stuck to ER • Protein synthesizers

  15. Nucleus • Contains DNA and associated proteins (chromosomes) • DNA controls cells activities by directing synthesis of proteins • Dark mass called nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes

  16. Mitochondrion • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Uses oxygen to convert chemical energy (food) to useable energy (ATP). • Which would have more mitochondria – skin cells or muscle cells?

  17. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Rough ER – ribosomes (makes protein) Smooth ER – no ribosomes (makes lipids) • Lipids and proteins synthesized on the ER are packaged in vesicles for transport throughout the cell.

  18. Golgi Apparatus • “Post office” of the cell • Wraps proteins in sacs called vesicles and sends them out of the cell • Cells that do a lot of secreting (like the cells of glands) have many golgi bodies.

  19. Lysosomes • Small vesicles filled with enzymes used to break down cellular wastes • Certain white blood cells that consume pathogenic bacteria and viruses have many lysosomes – why? Lysosome Animation

  20. Vacuoles • Vacuoles found in both plant and animal cells – large central vacuole found in plant cells only • LCV stores water and food in plant cells • When full provides pressure to keep plant upright (plants lack skeletons!)

  21. Cell Walls • Plant cells only (and most fungi and bacteria) • Gives plant cells its fixed shape

  22. Chloroplasts • Plant cells only • Contains green pigment chlorophyll that traps sunlight used to make food during photosynthesis • Which part of the plant contains cells with the most chloroplasts?

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