MINIMIZED WASTAGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

1. MINIMIZED WASTAGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PRESENTED BY IR. SUYANTO HJ. OSMAN

2. BRICKS

3. CEMENT

4. WOOD

5. REBAR

6. SAND

7. INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING

8. INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING

9. INDISCRIMINATE DUMPING

10. WHAT IS ‘WASTAGE’ Something that is wasted; waste or waste materials.

11. What is construction waste? Construction Waste Waste generated by design activities Waste generated by construction activities

12. Construction Waste Waste generated by design activities • Drylining: cutting of plasterboard sheets and metal studs to fit wall heights and openings • Flooring: cuttings of floor tiles to fit room layouts • Ceilings: cuttings of ceiling tiles and fixings to fit room layouts • Insulation: cutting of insulation boards to fit openings • Tiling: cutting of floor and wall tiles to suit design and room shapes • Paving: cutting of paving slabs to fit layout • Brickwork and blockwork: cuttings of bricks and blocks to suit building dimensions and building services

13. Construction Waste Waste generated by construction activities • Inaccurate or surplus ordering of materials that don’t get used • Damage through transportation and handling errors • Damage through inadequate storage • Damage generated by poor co-ordination with other trades • Rework due to low quality of work • Inefficient use of materials • Temporary works materials (e.g. formwork, hoarding etc)

14. Construction Waste Facts(UK Statistics) • Recent research indicates that about 5-10% of building materials end up as waste on building sites. • 2.5 to 4 tons — about 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square foot — of waste is created during the construction of a typical home. • Most construction waste currently goes into landfills, increasing the burden on landfill loading and operation. (In Malaysia, most construction waste goes into illegal dumping site)

15. Construction Waste Facts(UK statistics) Consists mainly of :

16. The process of buying materials • A ‘waste allowance’ is generally included within the order to account for design waste and construction process waste. • Often generic and not project specific and as such run a risk of being inaccurate. • Leads to either the order of a surplus of materials or a materials shortfall. • Little evidence exists on the practice of reconciliation between materials ordered and materials used, therefore limiting the information available on contractors’ knowledge of their own efficiency levels.

17. Typical Malaysian Contractor’s Material Wastage Allowance

18. The true cost of waste Purchase Cost of the delivered materials wasted Cost of waste storage, transport, treatment and disposal Loss of not selling waste for salvage or not recycling • Cost of waste usually included in the project tender price. • Contractors often underestimate the real cost of waste. • Clients often end up paying for new materials that simply get thrown away. + +

19. WHY BOTHER? An effective effort in minimizing wastage in construction can: • Make significant savings to the client, contractors and the environment • Divert a high percentage of all construction waste materials from the landfill and recycled into new products.

20. Conventional Construction Structure

21. Financial Benefits to clients and contractors • Clients end up paying for material wastage. • By reducing wastage, a reduced cost for the project can be achieved. • Cost saving may be shared by main contractors, sub contractors and clients

22. Financial Benefits to sub contractors

23. Environmental benefits

24. Once the amount of waste generated has been reduced, actions can be set to recover MORE of the wasted materials, sending LESS to landfill. By setting waste reduction actions, you can reduce the amount of waste that is generated by your project. This is the first step in reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill. Many products contain recycled material. Recommended minimum target 10% recycled content This waste can then be included in the project instead of being disposed of in skips. There are often opportunities to reuse some waste materials on-site. Only 45% of the waste would be sent to landfill. Let’s say that you are able to recover 50% of the offsite. Let’s assume that 20% of the materials purchased for this project will be wasted. Let’s now look at what happens to the waste that has been generated. Materials Reused Onsite 0.5 tonne Materials Reused Onsite 1 tonne Recovered Offsite 7 tonnes Recovered Offsite 5 tonnes Recovered Offsite 10 tonnes Materials Used In Project 80 tonnes Materials Used In Project 90 tonnes Recycled Materials 10 tonnes Materials Purchased 100 tonnes Waste Destinations Reused on site:5% Recovered off site:50% Sent to landfill: Waste Destinations Reused on site:5% Recovered off site: Sent to landfill: Waste Destinations Reused on site:5% Recovered off site:50% Sent to landfill:45% Waste Destinations Reused on site: Recovered off site: Sent to landfill: Waste Destinations Reused on site:5% Recovered off site:70% Sent to landfill:25% Recycled Content 10% Wastage rate 20% Wastage rate 10% Sent to landfill 9 tonnes Sent to landfill 4.5 tonnes Sent to landfill 2.5 tonnes Materials wasted 20 tonnes Materials wasted 10 tonnes Virgin Materials 90 tonnes

25. CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE 1. DESIGN • Design Changes. • Failure to use standard production item or standard size component • Lack of • design information/delayed instruction • Lack of dimension coordination. • No consideration on Value Management.

26. CAUSES OF Cont…..CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE 2. WASTAGE DURING CONSTRUCTION • Purchasing • Material Transportation and delivery • Storage problems • Practical waste • Handling and Fixing Waste • Faulty or poor workmanship • Vandalism and Theft

27. EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Site Management and Practices

28. EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Site Management and Practices

29. EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Delivery of products

30. THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING WASTAGE IN CONSTRUCTION TIME WASTAGE QUALITY COST Wastage will have direct impact on Time, Cost and Quality of a construction project

31. HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MINIMIZE WASTAGE • Attitude toward Minimizing wastage • Design to prevent waste • Use of prefabrication construction method instead of conventional method. • Material procurement and handling • Adapting a Site Waste Management Plan

32. Who should take action to reduce construction waste? • A shared responsibility between all parties: • The Client • The Designer • The Contractor • The Sub contractor and Supplier • The Workers • Contractors and sub contractors, cannot work in isolation. • Leadership is required from clients.

33. Design To Prevent Waste Examples: • Optimize designed dimensions to correspond to standard product dimensions. • Modify framing details to optimize lumber use and reduce waste and costs when ordering. • Order drywall in optimal dimensions to minimize cut-off waste. Drywall is available in different lengths, and designed dimensions should correspond to standard sizes. • Minimize the number of blueprints and reproductions necessary during the design and construction. • Evaluate if salvaging used products is possible.

34. COMPARISON WASTAGE LEVEL OF MAJOR MATERIAL USED ON SITE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL & PREFAB CONSTRUCTION Source : Comparing material wastage level between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction on 30 construction projects ; Hong Kong Universities

35. Purchase To Prevent Waste • Avoid excessively packaged materials and supplies. Packaging should be adequate to prevent damage and waste. • Minimize waste of vinyl siding, flooring and countertop materials by ordering only the quantity needed in building specific lengths. • Evaluate estimating procedures to make sure that excess material is not delivered to the site.

36. The solution Adopt a robust system that enables the production of accurate estimates of material requirements at the start of a project that links to real waste figures on completion.

37. A best practice approach to waste reduction 1 2 3 4 Planning Implementation Review Improvement Main contractor requests final waste information from sub contractors Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise awareness Demonstrate better financial and environmental results Clients sets targets for waste Main contractors and sub-contractors review waste and take action to minimise and manage waste Main contractor prepares Site Waste Management Plan Sub contractors complete waste information questionnaires Sub contractor estimates waste Quantitative Record Qualitative Checklist Quantitative Estimate Qualitative Checklist Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back to client

38. Q Planning A Site Waste Management Plan contains the following key features: Client sets targets for waste • waste targets as set by client, • an estimate of the waste to be generated on site, • actions to reduce waste, and • actions to avoid waste going to landfill Main contractor prepares Site Waste Management Plan Sub contractor estimates waste Quantitative Estimate Qualitative Checklist

39. Best Practices Implementation Main contractors and sub-contractors review waste and take action to minimise and manage waste • Appoint a Site Waste Manager responsible to • ensure that appropriate storage conditions are available • keep a record of all materials brought to site • Site Waste Manager to ensure materials are supplied in an appropriate manner, and in the correct quantity • Site Waste Manager monitor costs/volumes of disposal • The Site Waste Manager to determine KPI’s on this basis • Sub contractors appoint a Trade Waste Manager

40. Q Review Reviewing data and providing feedback can have real benefits, such as: Main contractor requests final waste information from sub contractors • Assess effectiveness of the waste minimization and management strategy. • Learn what works and doesn’t work in reducing waste • Identify exactly how efficient main contractors and sub contractors were on the project – in turn enabling them to understand how wasteful they were • Main contractors can see which trades contributed what quantity of materials to the waste stream and why – enabling them to prepare better waste estimates in the future • Capture any relevant data for future reference and use. Sub contractors complete waste information questionnaires Quantitative Record Qualitative Checklist Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back to client

41. Improvement Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise awareness Demonstrate better financial and environmental results

42. Appoint A Site Waste Manager While all people involved should be encouraged to contribute their ideas and suggestions on ways to minimize waste, one person (or the Environmental, Health and Safety Manager) should act as the Site Waste Manager, responsible for overseeing the management of construction wastes. This person will be responsible for managing waste reduction initiatives and coordinating the activities of other employees.

43. Key role of a site waste manager …. • Ensure that all relevant legislation and the contractor’s duty of care is complied with. • Initiate waste reduction, reuse and recycling. • Ensure all site personnel know their responsibilities for site waste management. • Co-ordinate waste management on site, gather data about waste on site, keep accurate records on waste movement on and off site. • Ensure that all waste storage areas and containers are properly labelled to show site workers where to deposit specific materials. • Be aware of the construction activities currently taking place on site and the activities planned in the short term.

44. Key role of a site waste manager • Conduct a survey of wastes likely to be generated on site and keep a record of them for planning ahead. • Whenever possible, ensure the re-use or recycling of material already on site before it is carted away or new materials are imported. • Obtain a list of potential buyers or collectors of materials to be re-used or recycled. • Encourage all site personnel to use their initiative in coming up with ideas of how to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes. • Inform designers so that waste can be reused and recycled on site or on another site.

45. Managing Subcontractors • Use a system of allowable waste percentages. In the early pre-work agreements the site manager decides how much waste is acceptable, and agrees a percentage with the subcontractor. • If they waste more than the agreed amount, they can be charged the extra costs. • This is a great incentive to reduce wastes by efficient use of • materials. The lower the allowable percentage, the more care people will take with materials. • Setting the right level is crucial.

46. Managing Subcontractors • Make subcontractors responsible for both purchasing the raw materials they need, and disposing of any waste material from their activities. This will give them a direct financial incentive to use materials efficiently with the minimum of wastage. • Make subcontractors aware of wastage and the costs involved in dealing with wastes. • Hold regular meetings to discuss wastage on site.

47. INCENTIVES If contractors or sub-contractors can demonstrate a willingness to support and engage in waste reduction measures and demonstrate that these have an effect on their waste, then they be identified as preferred bidders.

48. Policy and legislation • Currently no regulatory obligation in Malaysia to reduce and manage waste to good practice standards. • Hope this presentation will increase the awareness for the need of public policy to achieve greater resource efficiency and reduce wastage in the construction industry.

49. Landfill Tax The Landfill Tax in UK was introduced in 1996 to encourage all organisations, including those in the construction industry, to reduce the amount of waste disposed to landfill.

50. Mandatory requirement for Site Waste Management Plans (SWMPs) It is expected that the use of SWMPs will become a mandatory requirement for many construction projects throughout the UK in the near future, the current position being summarised below.