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This comprehensive study note explores essential concepts regarding volcanoes. It covers various types of volcanoes, including cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes, as well as the processes of volcanism and the characteristics of magma. Key terms like calderas, hot spots, and batholiths are defined, and eruption types are differentiated based on lava viscosity. The notes also discuss volcanic activity indicators and major locations of geological significance, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire. A valuable resource for understanding volcanic phenomena.
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Chapter 13Study Notes Volcanoes
1 • A _______ cone is rarely more than a few hundred meters high, with slope angles up to 40°, and formed from ______ eruptions. • cinder • explosive
2 • A large circular depression that forms when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties, causing the ground above it to sink, is called a ______. • caldera.
3 • A _______ forms on the ocean floor in a _________ zone. • trench • subduction
4 • An area of volcanic activity ____ from a tectonic plate boundary is called a ________. • far • hot spot.
5 • Any activity that includes the movement of ______ to Earth’s surface is called ________. • magma • volcanism
6 • ________ volcanoes are also known as _________. • Composite • stratovolcanoes
7 • _______ eruptions are produced by ____, sticky lava with high viscosity and a high volume of trapped gases. • Explosive • thick,
8 • ______ is cut by a fissure breaking it into two parts. • Iceland
9 • If the temperature of rock rises ______ the melting point of the minerals the rock is composed of the rock will ____. • above • melt.
10 • _____ plutons that can cover an area as large as 100 km2 are called ________. • Large • batholiths.
11 • ____ is magma that flows onto Earth’s _____. • Lava • surface.
12 • ____ is liquid rock produced _____ Earth’s surface. • Magma • under
13 • Magma that is rich in _____ and silica is called ______. • feldspar • felsic
14 • Magma that is rich in ______ and iron is called ___. • magnesium • mafic.
15 • _____ lava forms on a _________ ridge. • Pillow • mid-ocean
16 • _______ are igneous rock formations created when magma ____ __ reach Earth’s surface, but cools and solidifies ____ the crust. • Pluton • does • not • inside
17 • Pyroclastic material ___ than 0.25 mm in diameter is called volcanic ______. • less • dust
18 • _____ eruptions are produced by _____ lava with low viscosity and few trapped gases. • Quiet • runny
19 • The eruption of Mount _________ was an ________ eruption. • St. Helens • explosive
20 • The Pacific ____ __ ____ is both a major earthquake zone and volcano zone. • Ring • of • Fire
21 • Three type’s volcanoes are _______, _____, and ______ cone. • composite • shield • cinder
22 • Volcanic ___, ____, blocks, _____, and lapilli are all _______ materials. • ash • dust • bombs • pyroclastic.
23 • Volcanic _____ may be signaled by a change in ______ activity. • eruptions • earthquake
24 • When an ______ volcano erupts, the magma cools quickly, forming _____ lava. • underwater • pillow
25 • When lava cools rapidly, a crust forms on the surface of the flow. If the flow continues, the crust _______ and forms volcanic rock known as ________. • wrinkles • pahoehoe.
26 • When oceanic lithosphere _____ beneath oceanic lithosphere, an island ____ forms. • subducts • arc
