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Lecture 25. Communication Skills. Speaking with an Outline. Recap. Pronunciation Practice. Agenda. Importance of outlining speeches Differences between the preparation outline and the speaking outline Construct a preparation outline following the guidelines in the text
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Lecture 25 Communication Skills Speaking with an Outline
Recap • Pronunciation Practice
Agenda • Importance of outlining speeches • Differences between the preparation outline and the speaking outline • Construct a preparation outline following the guidelines in the text • Construct a speaking outline following the guidelines in the text
Preview • Definition of the Preparation Outline • Guidelines for the Preparation Outline • Definition of the Speaking Outline • Guidelines for the Speaking Outline
What is the preparation outline? A detailed outline developed during the stage of speech preparation.
Preparation Outline • Helps you put your speech together • Stage at which you decide: • how you will organize main points and supporting material in the body, • what you will say in the introduction, and • what you will say in the conclusion.
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline • State the specific purpose • Identify the central idea • State your method of organization • Label the introduction, body, and conclusion (Outline them separately.)
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline, cont. • Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation. • State main points and 1st level subpoints (A, B, C etc.) in full sentences. • Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews. • Attach a bibliography. • Give your speech a title, if desired.
Visual Framework The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationship among a speaker’s ideas.
Example of Visual Framework I. Main point • Subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint II. Main point Subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint • Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint • Subpoint
Speaking Outline A brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech.
Guidelines for the Speaking Outline Eye contact Breathe • Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline. • Make sure the outline is plainly legible. • Keep the outline as brief as possible. • Give yourself cues for delivering the speech. Slow down Lower pitch Show 1st vis aid Move left of podium Look to far right Pause for emphasis
Outlining the Speech • Outlines Are Essential To Effective Speeches • Help Place Related Items Together • Help Ensure The Natural Flow Of Ideas From One To Another • Help Create Coherent Structure
Outlining the Speech • The Preparation Outline • A Detailed Outline Used To Plan A Speech
OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Process of Building The Preparation Outline Brings Together All Of The Major Elements Of The Speech • Title • Specific Purpose • Central Idea • Introduction • Connectives • Main Points – in full declarative sentences • Supporting Points – in full declarative sentences • Conclusion • Bibliography
Outlining the Speech • GUIDELINES FOR CREATING THE PREPARATION OUTLINE
OUTLINING THE SPEECH Specific Purpose The Speaker's Goal -- What The Speaker Hopes To Accomplish Central Idea What The Speaker Expects To Say -- One Clear, Concise, Full Declarative Thesis Statement • State The Specific Purpose Of Your Speech • Identify The Central Idea
OUTLINING THE SPEECH • LabelThe Introduction, Body, & Conclusion • Use A Consistent Pattern Of Symbolization And Indentation • Follow a clear Visual Framework. Visual Framework The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the ideas of the speech.
OUTLINING THE SPEECH FULLDECLARATIVESENTENCES This is a Formal Sentence Outline. • State Main Points And Sub-Points In FULLDECLARATIVESENTENCES. • LabelTransitions, Internal Previews, Internal Summaries, & Signposts
OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Attach A Bibliography • Give Your Speech A Title, If One Is Desired Bibliography A list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.
OUTLINING THE SPEECH The Speaking Outline • A Brief Outline Used To Deliver The Speech
OUTLINING THE SPEECH The Speaking Outline • Primary Purpose: • To help the speaker remember what to say
OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Key Words & Phrases • Cues For Delivery • Particularly Effective For Extemporaneous Delivery Key Words & Phrases Reduce Main & Sub Points to one to three words per point. CuesFor Delivery Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech. Extemporaneous Delivery Carefully Prepared & Rehearsed In Advanced
OUTLINING THE SPEECH GUIDELINES FOR CREATING THE SPEAKING OUTLINE
OUTLINING THE SPEECH • Follow The Same Visual Framework Used In The Preparation Outline • Should Be PlainlyLegible Do you really want to be at the lectern wondering, ''Now what on earth did I write here?''
OUTLINING THE SPEECH Remember -- only one to three words per point. • Should Be As Brief As Possible • Should Include Cues For Delivering The Speech ''Pause!'', ''Slow Down!'', ''Breathe!'', ''Smile!''
Importance of Communication • Class Presentations • Field Research • Business Communications • Public Speaking
Fear of Public Speaking • Population • No.1 fear=Public Speaking • Fear No.2=Death • Stage fright -In spotlight -unprepared -inexperienced
Effective Communication • Preparation • Practice • Presence
Effective Communication • Preparation • research -non-research • format -speak on what you know • -Notes- outline main points -note cards vs. full sized paper
Sample Speech Outline I. Introduction • Thesis II. Body • support arguments III. Conclusion • review
Effective Communication • Practice - practice makes perfect - revision - get time right
Effective Communication • Presence -nervousness- fright is common -Body language -voice tone -gestures -eye contact -positive attitude
Things You Shouldn’t Do • Read directly from notes • Read directly from screen • Turn back on audience • Slouch, hands in pockets • No um, ah, you know’s • No nervous gestures • Talk too fast, • Talk too quietly
Things You Should Do • Eye contact • Can glance at notes • Appropriate gestures • Rhetorical questions to involve audience
Ten Successful Tips Control the “Butterflies” • Know the room- become familiar with the place of presentation • Know the audience- greet or chat with the audience before hand. It’s easier to speak to friends than to strangers • Know your material-increased nervousness is due to un-preparedness
Control the “Butterflies” • Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching and breathing so as to ease the tension • Visualize giving your speech-Visualize yourself giving your speech from start to finish. By visualizing yourself successful, you will be successful
Control the “Butterflies” • People want you to succeed- the audience is there to see you succeed not to fail • Don’t apologize- by mentioning your nervousness or apologizing, you’ll only be calling the audience’s attention to mistakes
Control the “Butterflies” • Concentrate on your message-not the medium. Focus on the message you are trying to convey and not on your anxieties • Turn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality and enthusiasm
Control the “Butterflies” 10. Gain experience- experience builds confidence, which is key to effective public speaking
Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People 3. Death 2. Snakes 1. Public Speaking People’s Biggest Fears
Overcoming Speech Anxiety • Acknowledge Your Fear • Act Confident • Channel Nervous Energy
Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Practice, Practice, Practice • Simulate Setting at Home • Ask Friends to Be Practice Audience
Overcoming Speech Anxiety (con’t) • Visualize Your Success • Use Deep-breathing Techniques • Focus on Message, not Fear • Give Yourself a Mental Pep Talk
Understand Audience and Listening • People Think Faster Than Hear • Have Short Attention Span • Jump to Conclusions • Easily Distracted
Listening Remedies • Keep Speech Focused • Divide Speech into Compact Segments • Analyze Audience Carefully • Adapt to Situation
+ Amount of Speech Remembered - + Time Understand Audience Memory
Understand The Speech Context • Audience • Setting