Chapter 11 Internationalism and Nationalism

1. Chapter 11 Internationalism and Nationalism To what extent do efforts to promote internationalism through world organizations affect nationalism?

2. IN THIS CHAPTER We will be learning about: • Key terms; responsibility to protect, common human heritage, and trickle-down effectand voluntary balkanization. • The WTO (world trade organization). • The relationship between the WTO and sovereign governments. • Developing responses to the following questions: • How have changing world conditions promoted internationalism? • How have the United Nations’ changing international responses affected nationalism? • How do the responses of various international organizations affect nationalism?

3. HOW HAVE CHANGING WORLD CONDITIONS PROMOTED THE NEED FOR INTERNATIONALISM? Pg 254 Changing world conditions have promoted the way people travel, communicate, socialize, and experience other new things. The more the world becomes more internationally connected the more effect it has on other countries as a whole. This can effect culture, health or politics. A big way the world has promoted internationalism is from air travel. A few other big effects that the international community faces is climate change and terrorism. This is when global decisions are needed.

4. Global CommunicationPg 254 By the 1960’s the internet still did not exist but many people were sure that an information revolution was going to happen the way that data was being transferred and stored. A man named Marshall McLuhan already knew that this was happening. The way that technology was developing made it easier to buy things or cheaper to store important information. Marshall said that the electronic information systems was going to have a huge impact on human societies.

5. The Global Village The invention of new technology such as the internet and so on that are used today prove that there are no barriers between people around the world and the way they communicate.

6. Voluntary Balkanization • Not all people believe that an online community promotes an international frame of mind. • Marshall van Alstyne and Erik Brynjolfsson are two experts who studied the online community, and their research has shown that people only connect with people like themselves. • As a result, these same people only trust those people with the same values and become less willing to trust those whose values are different from their own. • Example: Star Trek fans, sports fans, medical professionals, and even militia groups

7. Voluntary Balkanization continued • Balkanization is the separation of people into isolated, hostile groups. • An example of this is what happened in the former Yugoslavia. • Van Alstyne and Brynjolfsson are concerned with this process because it will make it difficult for people to understand the views of others. • Losing the bonds created by these experiences may harm the structure of democratic societies.

8. HOW HAVE THE UNITED NATIONS’ CHANGING INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES AFFECTED NATIONALSIM? pg 257 • Some of the people think that the UN should be re-evaluated, due to some of the things that have happened. • Rwanda and Yugoslavia. • The people say this because they did not stop the violence in the two countries they are not effective.

9. Changing the direction of the United Nations • In 2004 a panel of diplomats and international leaders considered the future of the UN . • They sent out a report called A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility . • It recommended the UN should relax its tradition of staying out of internal conflicts. • Also in the report the UN has a responsibility to protect ( means that UN has to protect people in a country that is not enough security.) • This protection could include humanitarian aid , diplomatic missions, and as a last resort- military force

10. Iran Challenges U.N. page 258 • Iran signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968 to prevent spread of nuclear weapons. • The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) found out that Iran had been making uranium for 18 yrs in secret. • Uranium can be used for domestic use or for nuclear weapons build-up. • Iran refused to stop the uranium build-up after the IAEA told Iran to stop. • The Iranian government threatened the U.S.A.. People believe that Iran is building up their nuclear weapons to carry out their threats • Iran does not want to succumb to other nations demands and sacrifice their national interests.

11. Iran’s conflict with the UN

13. Protecting Common Human Heritage • The U.N. created the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 1945. • The UNESCO was created to create respect for all civilizations and culture. • One of the challenges that the UNESCO has is to protect the natural and cultural sites the are apart of a human heritage. The logo of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

15. If killer whales were considered part of the natural heritage, would the international community do more to protect these mammals?

16. The 2000 year old statue of the Buddha in Bamiyan, Afghanistan. It was destroyed in 2001 by the Taliban government. It is now being rebuilt by the current Afghan government . Threats to the Common Human Heritage Did the Taliban leaders have the right to destroy the Buddha statues? Pg.261

17. Mount Robson • Mount Robson is the highest peak in the Canadian Rockies. 3954 meters tall Mount Robson Mount Robson is located in British Columbia

18. World Heritage Sites in Canada Dinosaur Provincial Park Richest fossil beds in the world. This is the Royal Tyrell Museum were all the fossils found go. These are what the badlands look like Some fossils The fossils are 65 million to 100 million years old The Dinosaur Provincial Park is around Drumheller

19. The historic Prince of Wales Hotel is a landmark in Waterton Lakes National Park. In 1931, this park was united with Glacier National Part in Montana to form the first international peace park. The purpose was to emphasize that international co-operation is required to protect natural areas. But what might happen if the government decided to sell the park because the money was needed to support a program that was in the national interest?

20. UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) was made to protect common human heritage. A major problem that this organization has is that in sovereign nation-states what occurs within their borders is all under their control.

21. HOW DO THE RESPONSES OF VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZTIONS AFFECT NATIONALSIM? Indonesian farmers gathered to protest WTO director general Pascal Lamy’s visit to their country. The farmers believe that WTO rules will prevent their government from protecting domestic agriculture and that this will destroy their livelihoods. Is the WTO the most appropriate target for protests like this?

22. Economic organizations • When trade increases everyone benefits-big business , small business and individuals. • Trickle-down effect- all countries become stronger and richer because when developed countries have more money, they will spend more money on products from developing countries . • WTO and the EU promote this idea. Page: 264

23. Improved communication, faster and safer transportation, and trade are some of the forces that shape globalization but also shape the growth of internationalism. May encourage internationalism and co-operation among countries.

24. The World Trade Organization is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. MANY POEPLE OPPOSE THE WTO What bias does this cartoon favor?

25. “What make’s the WTO so powerful is that it has the… authority to challenge laws, policies, and programs of countries that do not conform to WTO rules and strike them down if they are seen to be too ‘trade restrictive.’” Maude Barlow As of 2008 the WTO had 150 member!!! When a WTO ruling has been created, it is required for the world to conform.

26. The European Union, 2008 Both WW 1 and WW II began as conflicts between European countries and spread around the world. Do you believe that co-operating in the EU reduces the chances that another war will start in the same way?

27. Canada Supports WTO • Canada supports the WTO and believes the WTO can strengthen Canada’s economic security • Canada’s prosperity depends on open world market , stable and transparent trade environment , and means to settle trade disputes through rules rather than political or economic power • Membership in WTO helps Canada achieve these objectives

28. Smaller powers may oppose the WTO • Trade agreements may hurt economies because the larger power usually makes the rules • It may also effect smaller economies because the larger power may use its size to scare and push the smaller economy around to get what they want • The smaller power may try to tell the authorities but this is rare and they are usually threatened to stay silent other wise be “beaten up”

29. Cultural and Language-Based Organizationspg 266 • Groups that share a common bond over language and culture. • Examples: Indigenous peoples and Francophones • These groups work to promote their identities.

30. International Indigenous Peoples Organization The Arctic Council In 1961, all eight of the worlds Arctic reps met to discuss ways to protect the environment there. The Arctic council was formed five years later. Today the Arctic council deals with, biodiversity, sustainability, emergency preparedness, living conditions for Arctic residents, pollution, and climate change. • Formed in 1973 to further the mutual interests of Indigenous peoples. • World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) was one of the first international groups focused on Indigenous peoples rights. • Other examples include: • Inuit Circumpolar Conference • Arctic Councils Conference

31. Inuit hunters follow polar bear tracks across the snow-covered ice of Frobisher Bay near Tonglait, Nunavut. Older Inuit remember spending up to 10 months a year on the land, but global climate change has reduced this time so that six months is now the upper limit in many areas. How might the issue of global climate change highlight the importance of the Artic Council?

32. Page 267 Not all governments in the La Francophonie are national. For example Canada is Including Quebec and New Brunswick or also a part of it. The La Francophonie is a cultural and linguistic community of nations. The La Francophonie Flag (above) French was an official language of international organizations as of 1970.

33. La Francophonie promotes democracy, the French language, and supports education and sustainable development. • The La Francophonie became a organization in 1970.

34. Making a Difference Read “Making a Difference” Mary Simon – A Life Devoted to Activism Would you describe Mary as a nationalist or a internationist – or both? Cite evidence to support your judgment. Would membership in international organizations like th Inuit Circumpolar Conference and the Arctic Council be likely to strengthen or weaken the Inuit sense of national identity?

35. Assignment pg 269 The View From Here Read and think about the four thinkers presented. Complete “Explorations” at the bottom of the page. You should have three separate answers to the three questions posed.