Digestion “ From Food to Feces ”

1. Digestion“From Food to Feces” How would you digest that? Mmmmm….

2. Tuesday, 11/6/12:Animal Digestion • Objectives: • Identify the function of each of the four compartments of the ruminant stomach. • Explain the digestion process between species of animals. • Bellwork: • List the 2 types of animal digestive systems and some animals that have those systems.

3. Monogastric • Included in humans and pigs • Characterized by one stomach with one compartment • Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in the form of grains as they are easier to digest

4. How do you get swine flu? 

5. Monogastric • Comprised of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Cecum • Large Intestine • Rectum “It all starts with the mouth… open up!”

6. My teeth are amazingly strong. Did you know chewing is also called MASTICATION? Monogastric • Mouth • Where food enters the digestive tract • Teeth chew to break down food • Enzymatic breakdown of starch begins • Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starch • The tongue helps move food around and push it to the next part of the digestive system

7. Monogastric Mouth

8. Are you our Mommy?

9. Monogastric I really have to go the bathroom! • Esophagus • Tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach • Pushes with a series of muscle contractions called PERISTALSIS.

10. Monogastric • Stomach • Chamber where chemicals are added to the food • Cells secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes • These help break down food into basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats • Some smaller particles are absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach wall

11. Monogastric Stomach

12. Monogastric • Small Intestine • Complex tube which lies in a spiral • Absorbs nutrients! • Cells produce enzymes to help break down food further

13. Monogastric I have a really big cecum! • Cecum • Known as the “blind gut” • Located between the small and large intestines • Has little function in the monogastric digestive system

14. Monogastric • Large Intestine • Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in diameter • Main function is the absorption of water • Mucous is added to the matter to make it easier to pass through the rest of the system

15. Monogastric • Rectum • The terminal portion of the large intestine • Leads to the anus where the remaining wastes are passed outside of the body

16. Monogastric Cecum and Large Intestine

17. Modified Monogastric • Comprised of: • Everything in the monogastric except: • The cecum is much larger and plays an important role in the digestive process as it is modified • Makes up %16 of horses total digestive anatomy

18. Modified Monogastric • Cecum • Acts as a large fermentation vat where large amounts of roughages can be broken down more easily • Found in horses and rabbits. “I have a really large cecum so that I can digest all my food properly!”

19. How well do you remember?

20. Ruminant (Polygastric) • Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, llamas and more • Characterized by one stomach with four compartments • Used for the digestion of mass quantities of roughages • Hay and grasses

21. If you are wondering…I am a YAK!I am proud to say I chew my CUD and I am a ruminant!

22. Wake up…we’re not done!

23. Ruminant • Comprised of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Rumen • Reticulum • Abomasum • Omasum • Small Intestine • Cecum • Large Intestine • Rectum

24. Ruminant What’s up…I’m chewing my Cud…Sometimes I chew over 100 times before swallowing! • Mouth • Functions the same as in monogastrics except: • Ruminants regurgitate their food and re-chew it • A cow makes between 40,000-60,000 jaw movements a day chewing

25. Ruminant • Esophagus • Same as in a monogastric except: • Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed stuffs to be chewed repeatedly

26. Ruminant • What is so grand about regurgitating food? • Would you like to eat this? • If you did eat this, how efficiently would your body break it down? • Your monogastric system was not made to breakdown feed such as this!!!

27. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Rumen • Acts as a large fermentation vat • Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of the stomach • Stirs it up to more easily find large particles that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed • Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large cow!!!

28. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Reticulum • May be considered an extra piece of the rumen • Has a large honey comb shape • Site of hardware collection • Hardware disease • Animal will inject metal in the feed. It will collect here • Magnets can help keep it from going further

29. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Omasum • Primarily aids in the absorption of water • Numerous folds help trap digestive particles to increase the time they stay in the omasum for absorption

30. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Abomasum • Considered the “true stomach” • Has the same functions of the monogastric stomach • Hydrochloric acid helps with the break down of feedstuffs

31. Ruminant Stomach

32. Ruminant • The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine have the same functions as the monogastric digestive system