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The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era represents a significant period of reform in American history, spanning from the 1880s to the 1920s, aimed at addressing the challenges posed by rapid industrialization. Key issues included corruption, child labor, and immigration, while notable personalities like Theodore Roosevelt and muckrakers like Ida B. Wells brought attention to social injustices. The movement sought reforms in politics, business, and social conditions, advocating for women's suffrage, labor laws, and sanitation improvements. The legacy of the Progressives shaped modern social and political landscapes.

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The Progressive Era

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  1. The Progressive Era 1880s-1920s

  2. A Reaction to Industrialization

  3. And it’s associated problems The Sweat Shop

  4. …ills… • Corruption • Scandals • Waste

  5. …and troubles. Child Labor Immigration

  6. Characteristics of Progressives • Most were WASPS • White • Anglo • Saxon • Protestant • Northeastern-Midwest origins • Do-gooders, busy-bodies middle-class, liberals with college education

  7. Their Causes Were Many • Reforms in business, politics, education, labor, sanitation, social status distinctions, and living conditions • Trust-busting • Destruction of the urban political machines • Temperance • Unions • Immigrants • Food and drugs • Housing, sewers, and conservation

  8. Politics Three Presidents Claimed to be Progressives Theodore Roosevelt 1899-1908 (R-NY) William Howard Taft 1908-1912 (R-OH) Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920 (D-VA)

  9. The Progressive Amendments

  10. Local and State Politics New York: Tenement House Law Maryland: Workmen’s Compensation Law Wisconsin: Direct Primary Law Oregon: Initiative and Referendum Women’s Labor Law Virginia: Newlands Act

  11. Public Enemy #1…The Trusts The Octopus

  12. Trusts + Imperialism=War

  13. The Robber Barons over Time Slave Master Monarch Monopoly

  14. Robber Barons Milton Pennybags/Mascots Ford/Motor Corp. Carnegie/US Steel Morgan/J.P. Morgan Finance Vanderbilt/Railroads Rockefeller/Standard Oil

  15. P.O.V.

  16. Leading to…

  17. And this

  18. Progressive Personalities • The Muckrakers—journalists who exposed the dirt (raked up the muck) • Novelists—much like Charles Dickens did in England • Social Workers—settlement house movement • Conservationists—national parks, forest preserves, environment, outdoorsmen

  19. Muckrakers Ida B. Wells/Lynching Ida Tarbell/Standard Oil Nellie Bly/Insane Asylums Helen Hunt/Indians Jacob Riis/Slums

  20. The Novelists Benjamin Franklin Norris— The Octopus—monopolies and their affects on society John Spargo— The Bitter Cry of Children— child labor Upton Sinclair— TheJungle— meat packing and immigrant labor in Chicago

  21. Social Workers Hull House founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr Gates near UIC as a settlement house for “new immigrants” mainly Greeks and Italians. Services: kindergarten, English classes, nutrition, housekeeping, hygiene, recreation, lending library, shelter from domestic violence.

  22. Conservation

  23. A Place to Hide Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir Not all appreciated Muir

  24. Attempts to End Jim Crow

  25. Booker T. Washington • Tuskegee Institute in Alabama • Vocational training • Useful, indispensible • Gradual integration • Work for equal rights • Patience, respect • Influence on M.L. King—passive resistance, non-violent

  26. William Edward Burckhardt DuBois • First Harvard PhD in sociology • Entitled to equality • Demand immediate results • Influence on Malcolm X—byany means necessary

  27. Prohibition/Temperance • Cause of… • Poverty • Domestic violence • Prostitution • Child labor • Crime • Being “Ethnic” • Associated with… • Catholics • Immigrants (German, Irish, Polish, Russians)

  28. Radical Campaign Frances Willard—Evanston, Women’s Christian Temperance League Carrie Nation—Anti-Saloon League, smashes up bars with her hatchet

  29. “Bleeding Heart Liberals” Lincoln, Garfield, and now McKinley, died for your sins (slavery, trusts, imperialism) Guilt by association…lie down with dogs and wake up with fleas…you are known by the company you keep….

  30. Women’s Issues…

  31. Legacy • Graduated taxes—rate depends on income • Direct election of Senators by the people • Prohibition of alcohol • Women’s suffrage • Child labor laws • Sanitation • Compulsory education • Meat and drug inspection • Open voting • Anti-trust laws • Hospital, asylum, and prison reform • Civil rights movement • Immigration quotas

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