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“Considerations to Reduce Environmental Impacts to Vessels” WG27 Report No. 99, 2008

“Considerations to Reduce Environmental Impacts to Vessels” WG27 Report No. 99, 2008. Sandra Knight US Commissioner PIANC July 15, 2009. 2 naval engineers, 3 civil engineers, 3 ecologists, 2 representatives (INCOM ENVICOM), 6 Meetings from Feb. 2003 / Brussels - Feb. 2006 / London

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“Considerations to Reduce Environmental Impacts to Vessels” WG27 Report No. 99, 2008

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  1. “Considerations to Reduce Environmental Impacts to Vessels”WG27Report No. 99, 2008 Sandra Knight US Commissioner PIANC July 15, 2009

  2. 2 naval engineers, 3 civil engineers, 3 ecologists, 2 representatives (INCOM ENVICOM), 6 Meetings from Feb. 2003 / Brussels - Feb. 2006 / London 2 editorial meetings, published 2008 PIANC WG27 Membership Bernhard Söhngen (Chairman) German Waterways Eng. and Res. Center Jochen Koop (Vice Chairman) Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany Sandra Knight (InCom-Representative National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jorma Rythönen (EnviCom- Represent.) VTT Industrial Systems, Finland Paul Beckwith British Waterways, Head of Environment Nicola Ferravi Servici Technici, Italy Jose Iribarren SIPORT XXI, Spain Thomas Keevin U.S. Army Corps of Engineering, St. Louis Christian Wolter Institute for freshwater ecology and fisheries Stephen Maynord (corresponding) USACE ERDC Vicksburg

  3. Short portrait of WG 27 – report WG27 - structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check, recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rulesto navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel River,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Top - down - approach Bottom - up - approach Basis: Impact Cascade

  4. Indirect impact of quick drawdown: fluidisation of river bed Resuspension of bed sediments Direct impact: stranding of fish larvae Fish Impacts Direct impact: displacement of fish larvae ... Example of the Impact Cascade Mississippi push tow unit with 30 barges, about 400 m long. Drawdown time sailing upstream  5 min.! Large affected area! Primary wave field:water level drawdown, return current Correlations are described in more detail in “fact files”

  5. Short portrait of WG 27 – report WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide • Size and installed power of vessels are continuously increasing • Changing system behaviour

  6. Highlights of WG 27 – report WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Ship speed reduction is one of the best measures in case of predominant impacts from primary wave field! Many vessels drive at 80% of vcrit

  7. Example: Distribution of engine power from 1 to 2 props reduces jet induced bed shear stress by 40 %! Chance for innovative ship design! PD=800kW Short portrait of WG 27 – report WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Depending upon impact: ship speed reduction may be wrong measure Increased ship speed reduces impacts from props!

  8. Nearly 1 in 20 US citizen owns recreation boats • Small boats should sail far below or well above planing speed Displacement ship Planing boat Short portrait of WG 27 – report WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide

  9. WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Short portrait of WG 27 – report • Predominant bank-impact comes from secondary waves of passenger or recreational boats. • Impact not totally avoidable, but because the water level is almost constant, there is chance for effective mitigation by alternative bank protections. • Effective mitigation measures depend on the system

  10. WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Short portrait of WG 27 – report There is no generally valid threshold! But significant impacts start from return current velocities of about 0.3 m/s! This corresponds to a drawdown of about 0.1 m! These numbers are not exact, but they help to decide, if there is a significant impact problem or not!

  11. WG27 – structure of the report 1 Introduction 2 Technical Fact Files (impact cascade, ship types, propulsion systems, primary wave field, secondary waves, propeller jet and scouring, order of magnitude of relevant impacts) 3 Ecological Fact Files (systems - lakes, rivers, pools, canals; species - plants, invertebrates, fish, mammals, birds, amphibians) 4 Relevant Impacts (impact ranking according to systems & taxa, thresholds) 5 Decision Making (incl. ecological relevance check,recommended mitigations) 6 Mitigation Measures (adapted vessel design, adapted fairway design, rules to navigation, modified revetments, alternative bank protections, island creation) 7 Conclusions 8 Glossary 9 Cited Literature Appendix I: Case Studies (tolerable wave height for Lower Havel river,Upper Mississippi navigation studies, Montgomery Canal) Appendix II: Waterway Management Guide Short portrait of WG 27 – report Process recommendations instead of detailed guidelines from case to case! Basis of the recommendations is the „ecological relevance check“!

  12. neighbours duration frequency area affected importance Looking on relevant impacts and channel areas in tabular form vicinity to thresholds mitigation possible? present state Ecological relevance check WG 27 report is a guide to support decision making processes on a regular basis! It has to be adapted to the special impact problem considered!

  13. Discussion • Engineering measures: • Adapted inland cargo vessels (drive systems, steering, lightweight construction, overall dimensions) • Shelter of ecologically sensitive areas (fairway adaption, wave breakers, erosion control) Alternative bank protections, especially those using plants • Licensing measures: Overall dimensions of permitted vessels • Control of draught and engine power • Operational restrictions as permitted bank distance or ship speed

  14. Relative additional width during cornering Example concerning extremely narrow bends in the German Neckar River for 135 m long motor vessel: Necessary bF 11,4 + 0,26 x 135  47 m Optimal used bow thruster (cF 2/3): Necessary bF 11,4 + 0,12 x 135  28 m Reduction  19 m (is sufficient to use the existing fairway) Fairway adaption

  15. WG 27 – report Offers design aids for different lining materials from „grey literature“ Removal of protections Allowance of erosion Increases roughness Dead wood supply Sediment supply Wave breakers Bank development Support shallow water areas River - adapted vessels, fairway, ship speed Improved pasture waters Development of shoulders Reeds development Package of measures for Waterways connected to Elbe River New INCOM Working Group „Alternative bank protections” New DWA AG WW1.5/2.5 “Alternativer Uferschutz” 1) Morph. und biol. Entwicklungspotenziale ... im Elbegebiet gemäß Wasserrahmenrichtlinie, Umweltbüro Essen

  16. 10% reduced vS cutswave heights in half Limitation of ship speed For many mitigation measures: economical and ecological benefits walk hand in hand! Speed limitation and control is an effective and politico-economical measure to reduce impacts! It concerns about 3% of all vessels. 10 % reduction reduces the average speed only by 0,3 %! Negligible losses but highly economical benefits, e. g. by reduced maintenance costs and also ecological benefits!

  17. Are we ready for the Next generation of Environmental Challenges? DRIVERS: Climate Change, Energy Demands, Economy IMPACTS: • Arctic Shipping • Changes in migratory patterns of TES • More severe and frequent storms/droughts • Changing circulation patterns and new challenges for dredging • Air emissions • Infrastructure • Capacity • Greening the MTS • Others?

  18. CMTS R&D Integrated Action Team • Subcommittee of the Committee for Marine Transportation Systems • Approved by Coordinating Board in April, 2009 • Goal 1: Develop a Research and Development Strategic Plan to support the MTS strategy • Goal 2: Re-establish bi-annual forum for interagency R&D in the MTS

  19. CMTS R&D Integrated Action Team • Subcommittee of the Committee for Marine Transportation Systems • Approved by Coordinating Board in April, 2009 • Goal 1: Develop a Research and Development Strategic Plan to support the MTS strategy • Goal 2: Re-establish bi-annual forum for interagency R&D in the MTS

  20. CMTS R&D Integrated Action TeamCall for Input • What external trends will shape our long-term future? • What will be the challenges to the MTS as a result of those trends? • What will we need to know and do to prepare?

  21. QUESTIONS? Contact Information: Sandra Knight, PHD, PE, D.WRE Sandra.knight@noaa.gov

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