Paragraph

1. Paragraph Quiz Answer True or False. ____ A Paragraph always contains one main idea. ____ The main idea is reflected in the topic sentence. ____ The topic sentence is developed into a paragraph. ____ Besides the topic sentence, a paragraph normally consists of supporting sentences and a concluding sentence. ____ The paragraph can be developed into an essay.

2. PARAGRAPHS Definition: A Basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related sentences develop one main idea usually stated in the topic sentence.

3. Model Paragraph 1 An effective lesson plan starts a clearly written objective. An objective is a descriptive of a learning outcome and describes the destination teachers want their students to reach. The clear, well-written objective is the first step in daily lesson planning. This helps state precisely what teachers want their students to learn, guide the selection of appropriate activities, and provide overall lesson focus and direction. It also gives teachers a way to evaluate what their students have learned at the end of the lesson. Thus the clearly written objective can be used to know what is expected from the students.

4. The topic sentence indicates the statement / the claim that the writer makes. Supporting ideas = facts, arguments or reasons, examples, and explanation used by the writer to support his claim/statement = the main idea what? Why? How?

5. Parts of a Paragraph • The Topic Sentence • Supporting Sentences • The Concluding Sentence (1) The Topic Sentence -The most important sentence in a paragraph. - Indicating what the paragraph is going to discuss. - Guiding to both the writer and the reader.

6. How to formulate the topic sentence (a) A complete sentence a subject, a verb, and a complement. e.g. A lesson plan to teach (this is not the topic sentence) (b) Containing a topic (general subject) and a controlling idea (specific parts) e.g. An effective lesson plan starts a clearly written objective An effective lesson plan a topic/ general subject starts a clearly written objective a controlling idea/ specific parts which will be developed in the paragraph

7. Underline the topic and circle the controlling idea (1) Indonesian Education has five stages. (2) A paragraph usually contains three parts. (3)Teachers need some preparations to teach English well in the class.

8. A Controlling Idea/Specific Parts - To make easier for the writer and the reader, the controlling idea can be specified its parts. - The specific parts will be developed in the paragraph. e.g., In order to teach English well in the class, teachers need some preparations: a lesson plan, materials, and an evaluation. Or Teachers need a lesson plan, materials, and an evaluation in order to teach English well in the class. - These specific parts are then called supporting sentences / ideas of the paragraph.

9. Supporting Sentences/Ideas (SI) • SI the development of controlling idea (the limitation of the topic) that the writer wants to explore in the paragraph. • SI facts, examples, reasons, definition and so on. • SI used to support or explain the topic sentence.

10. Underline the topic sentence and the supporting ideas. An effective lesson plan starts a clearly written objective. An objective is a descriptive of a learning outcome and describes the destination teachers want their students to reach. The clear, well-written objective is the first step in daily lesson planning. This helps state precisely what teachers want their students to learn, guide the selection of appropriate activities, and provide overall lesson focus and direction. It also gives teachers a way to evaluate what their students have learned at the end of the lesson.

11. The Pattern of Paragraph Example 1 _______________________________________ An effective lesson plan starts a clearly written objective  the topic sentence _______________________________________ a clearly written objective specific part/ subject  development 4 sentences ______________________________________ Summary/ Concluding Sentence ______________________________________

12. Model Paragraph 2 Why a Lesson Plan In order to teach English well in the class, teachers need a lesson plan, materials, and an evaluation. The lesson plan can guide them to follow steps in presenting topics that have planned before the class. It can also helps novice teachers to be confident in making presentation in the front of their students. In addition the lesson plan, materials which have been stated in the plan must be well-prepared. These materials should be related to the topics being discussed in the class. The other essential preparation before presenting the lesson is to make an evaluation. This evaluation aims at assess to the extent to which the students have learned the given topic outlined in the plan.

13. Example 2 _______________________________________ Teachers need a lesson plan, materials, and an evaluation  the topic sentence _______________________________________ 1. a lesson plan specific part/ subject 2. materials  development 3. an evaluation 3-6 sentences ______________________________________ Summary/ Concluding Sentence

14. Concluding Sentence To signal the end of the paragraph and leave the reader with important points to remember How to conclude the paragraph? 1. Sum up the important points 2. Restate (rephrase) the topic sentence

15. Underline the concluding sentence and how the writer concludes it. (a) Why a Lesson Plan In order to teach English well in the class, teachers need a lesson plan, materials, and an evaluation. The lesson plan can guide them to follow steps in presenting topics that have planned before the class. It can also helps novice teachers to be confident in making presentation in the front of their students. In addition the lesson plan, materials which have been stated in the plan must be well-prepared. These materials should be related to the topics being discussed in the class. The other essential preparation before presenting the lesson is to make an evaluation. This evaluation aims at assess to the extent to which the students have learned the given topic outlined in the plan. In sum, the teachers have to prepare at least these three important points before they are teaching their students in the class.

16. (b) An effective lesson plan starts with a clearly written objective. An objective is a descriptive of a learning outcome and describes the destination teachers want their students to reach. The clear, well-written objective is the first step in daily lesson planning. This objective helps state precisely what teachers want their students to learn, guide the selection of appropriate activities, and provide overall lesson focus and direction. It also gives teachers a way to evaluate what their students have learned at the end of the lesson. Thus the clearly written objective can be used to know what is expected from the students.

17. Assignment Choose one topic sentence, specify the parts of the controlling idea, and develop them into a paragraph. • The Internet can have negative effects on children. • Reading English is considered to be the most important lesson for EFL students for some reasons.