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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 15 th & 16 th CENTURY

THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 15 th & 16 th CENTURY. World History Section 1. BACKGROUND. 15th Century Achievements -Century Rise of Nation-ism among the New Nations -States of Europe emergence of powerful new nation -States with assertive Monarchs -Invention of the Printing Press

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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 15 th & 16 th CENTURY

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  1. THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 15th & 16th CENTURY World History Section 1

  2. BACKGROUND 15th Century Achievements -Century Rise of Nation-ism among the New Nations -States of Europe emergence of powerful new nation -States with assertive Monarchs -Invention of the Printing Press -Expansion of Trade & Business Activity -Renaissance quest for knowledge -Reconquista completed in Spain- 1492

  3. Motivating Factors for European Expansion • Desire to enhance National Prestige (Nationalism) • Nation Wealth & Territory Prestige for Monarchs. • Possibility of Personal Wealth, Fame, & Social Prestige. • Quest for New Geographical knowledge. • Desire to spread Christianity. • Intensifying International competition among the powerful Nations. • States of Europe desire to find new Trade Routes to the East. • Increase Profits.

  4. New Technologies that Impacted Exploration • Better & faster Ship design • Printing Press • More reliable Magnetic Compass • The invention of the Clock (allowed for new navigational methods- Eventually Longitude) • Astrolabe- Latitude Navigation • More accurate Maps • Gun Powder & New Weapons -Cannons and Muskets

  5. Ships

  6. Armed Vessel

  7. Printing Press

  8. Astrolabe

  9. New weapons 15th-16th Century

  10. Improved Compass

  11. Major Nation- States Involved in Exploration Section 2

  12. Portugal • Claimed parts of: -West Africa -Parts of Asia -Large Portion of South America (Brazil) “Treaty of Tordesillas” Major Emphasis -Trade & Gold Slave Trade= West Africa This created New Products & Spices

  13. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal • National Policies strongly supported exploration and trade. • Portugal had a long tradition of navigation and trade.

  14. Slave Trade (West Africa) • African slaves were brought to the New World to primarily work in agriculture. • Portugal was the major slave trading European nation.

  15. SPAIN Claimed= • (Caribbean Islands) • (Central America) – Except *Brazil • (Mexico) • (South West North America) • (Philippines)

  16. Ferdinand & Isabella of SpainSupported, “Exploration” & “Expansion”

  17. King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella of Spain

  18. Major Emphasis • Accumulation of Gold & Silver • Expansion of Trade • Farming- Sugar Plantations • Some Slave Trade- “Limited” -Spain outlawed the slave trade in the 1700’s • Active in the Spread of Christianity -(Jesuits Missionaries) • Enhance personal Prestige & Social Standing -Strict Social Hierarchy in Spain -(Feudal in many respects)

  19. Line of Demarcation 1493 • Official agreement that divided the territories claimed by Spain & Portugal in the New World. • Imaginary line drawn by Pope Alexander VI • Lands East of the Line (Portugal) • Lands West of the line (Spain)

  20. Line of Demarcation

  21. Line of Demarcation

  22. England • East Coast of North America • Canada • India

  23. Major Emphasis • Expansion of Territory • Trade • New Opportunities for Middle Class • Fleeing Religious persecution

  24. Major European Explorers • Vasco De Gama- first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope. • Magellan-first voyage to circumnavigate the globe. • Columbus-first European voyage to arrive in the New World. • Cortez-conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico. • Pizarro-conquest of the Incan Empire in Peru. • Balboa- first to see the Pacific Ocean- Crossed Panama (isthmus) • Ponce De Leon- explored Florida. • Coronado-first European to see the Grand Canyon and explore the southern U.S.

  25. Vasco De- Gama (Portuguese)

  26. Magellan (Portuguese) • Magellan did not survive the voyage. • Of the 270 men who began the voyage around the Globe, only 18 finished and returned to Europe. • Magellan died April 27th, 1521

  27. Magellan Time Line

  28. Map of Magellan’s Voyage

  29. Another Look at Magellan’s Trip

  30. Columbus- (Italian)Led 3 voyages to the New World

  31. Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

  32. Cortez (Spanish) Defeated “Aztec Empire”

  33. Aztec Empire Defeated

  34. Pizarro (Spanish)

  35. Pizarro- Conquest of the Incan Empire (Peru)

  36. Incan Empire in Peru(The ancient Incan City of “Machu Picchu”)

  37. Balboa • Crossing the Isthmus of Panama (Pacific Ocean) • First European to cross from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.

  38. Coronado Explored the Southwest U.S.(Grand Canyon)

  39. Labor & Industry in the New World Section 3

  40. “Encomienda” • Tribute Labor System= native peoples were required to give labor to the European settlers.

  41. Mining • Silver Mines @ POTOSI. • Vast amounts of (Gold) & (Silver) were sent to Spain from the New World. • Primary Labor Force was “Indigenous Population”

  42. Plantations- Sugar became a major export crop.Native people & African Slaves worked the Farm and Plantations.

  43. 15th & 16th Century Economic Model“Mercantilism” • Based on the accumulation of Gold & Silver (precious metals) • Gold and Silver were the measure of Wealth (not Business of Production) • The PURPOSE of the economy was “Serve the State” • Trade was focused on primarily on Exporting and selling goods in the new colonies. • Little Capital investment in business. • Colonial holdings were seen as: -A source of Raw Materials -Markets for European Goods

  44. The Impact of European Expansion- Age of Exploration Section 4

  45. Triangle of Trade

  46. Economic • Rapid economic growth and increase in business activity. • Vast amounts of Gold & Silver flooded into Europe. • Prices of Good rose due to INFLATION and MERCANTILIST economic policies. • Expanded opportunities for the rising middle class. • Majority of Europeans saw little improvement in their “Standard of Living.” • CAPITALISM began to emerge –(exception was in Spain)

  47. Political • Western Europe began to Dominate the Globe -(New land were claimed and colonized) -(Western political models were installed) • The “Rivalry” between the Nation-States of Europe intensified. • International tension grew.

  48. Societal • Social values began to be more focused on MATERIAL WEALTH and SOCIAL STANDING. • Growing SECULAR trends. • Rising MIDDLE CLASS benefitted from New economic & social opportunities. • POWER & WEALTH in the colonies came to be concentrated in the hands of few. -(Social & Economic issues have continued to PLAGUE these regions as a result of this trend.)

  49. Religious • Christianity spread across the Globe -(The Americas) -(Parts of Asia) • Christian Missionaries worked to Convert Native populations -(The Jesuits were very active) -(Started Missions) -(Established Schools) • Very often Conversations were forced and or coerced; however, many truly converted to Christianity. • Christianity of blended with traditional religious beliefs and practices -(Know as Syncretism)

  50. Global • Millions of Africans were imported to the New World as Slaves. • Animals were brought to the Americas -(Horses & Cattle) • New Plants and Crops were Exchanged -Tomatoes -Potatoes -Corn -Early forms of pain killers (developed by Natives)

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