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Agricultural, Water, and Health-Related Satellite Products from NESDIS-STAR

Agricultural, Water, and Health-Related Satellite Products from NESDIS-STAR. Felix Kogan NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research. October 2010. AVHRR Data for Land Use. Sensor: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR).

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Agricultural, Water, and Health-Related Satellite Products from NESDIS-STAR

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  1. Agricultural, Water, and Health-Related Satellite Products from NESDIS-STAR Felix Kogan NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research October 2010

  2. AVHRR Data for Land Use Sensor: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Satellites: NOAA-7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 17 (morn.),18, 19 Data Resolution:Spatial - 4 km (GAC), 8 & 16 km; Temporal - 7-day composite Period: 30-year(1981-2010) Coverage:World (75 N to 55 S) Channels: VIS (ch1), NIR (ch2), Thermal (ch4, ch5)

  3. THEORYVegetation vs. VIS & NIRreflectance

  4. THEORYCrops’ Reflectance (Citrus, Tomatoes, Sorghum, Cotton) NIR reflectance depends on WATER CONTENT CELL STRUCTURE VIS reflectance depends on CHLOROPHYLL CAROTENOID

  5. NDVI & Reflectance NDVI= (Ch2-Ch1)/(Ch2+Ch1)

  6. NDVI & Smoothed NDVI Eliminate high frequency noise Emphasize seasonal cycle Separate medium & low frequency variations

  7. NDVI & Rainfall (% mean), SUDAN 115% 73% 95% 51%

  8. NDVI & BT by Ecosystem Type Central USA

  9. AVHRR PRODUCTS Vegetation condition index (VCI), values 0 - 100 VCI=(NDVI-NDVImin)/(NDVImax-NDVImin) NDVImax, and NDVImin – climatology (1981-2000 maximum and minimum NDVI for a pixel; Temperature condition index (TCI), values 0 - 100 TCI=(BTmax-BTmin)/(BTmax-BTmin) NDVImax, and NDVImin – climatology (1981-2000 maximum and minimum NDVI for a pixel Vegetation Health Index (VHI), values 0 – 100 VHI=a*VCI+(1-a)*TCI 0 – indicates extreme stress 100 – indicates favorable conditions MOISTURE THERMAL VEG. HEALTH

  10. NDVI & Vegetation Health (VH) NDVI VH

  11. Drought 1988, USAJune 28 Severe Moisture and Thermal Vegetation Stress

  12. Drought 1988, Week 27, Satellite & In Situ Data

  13. Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), USSR southeast

  14. Wheat Density vs VCI 1991 1992 May Jun Jul Aug Sep May Jun Jul Aug Sep

  15. Sep 30, 2010: VCI vs Soil MoistureUKRAINE VCI 0-20 cm Soil Moisture Anomaly

  16. VHI and Biomass,Mongolia 1988 1989

  17. Corn Yield vs VCIMidwest, USA Corn Yield - normalized for Midwestern CRD VCI – mean for CRD

  18. VH and Crop Yield MOROCCO -Wheat R U S S I A A R G E N T I N A MONGOLIA - Pasture Kansas, USA

  19. Correlation of Wheat Yield anomaly with VH Indices, Precipitation & Temperature anomalySaratov, RUSSIA Yield dYvsVHI,VCI&TCI dYvsdP dYvsdT

  20. dY vs VCI Correlation, KANSAS P H H S H P H

  21. Modeling Agricultural Production KANSAS, USA

  22. Vegetation Health and Agriculture, UKRAINE 2002 & 2004 – NOAA-16 satellite identify good vegetation health (green) resulted in high yield 2.75 & 2.84 t/ha t/ha 2.7 2003 – Intensive Drought (red) caused 35% losses in grain yield (1.84 t/ha) versus the years before and after 1.8 ADDRESS: - Ecosystem Health - Agriculture - Food Security 2.8 PLAN Use NOAA/AVHRR Data 4 km resolution

  23. 2007 Drought Dynamics: Focus on Southern RUSSIA & UKRAINE from NOAA-18 Vegetation Health Index (VHI) Beloruss Russia UKRAINE Rumania Bulgaria Georgia Turkey Syria Iraq • Vegetation Health (red) deteriorated from April through the end of the growing season, especially in the main areas of winter wheat • VHI is derived from NOAA/AVHRR data and estimates greenness, vigor and thermal conditions of vegetation

  24. JUNE www.rsindexbasedcropinsurance2010.com

  25. Vegetation Condition 2010

  26. Vegetation Health Dynamics, USADROUGHT DETECTION (DD)

  27. DD: Drought Dynamicsfrom Vegetation Health Index 1999 2000 No Drought Drought

  28. DD: 2007 Vegetation Health, Odessa obl., UKRAINE Moisture Healthy DROUGHT Thermal

  29. Drought Area & Intensity (DAI)Severe-to-Exceptional Drought (% from the World area), 2000-2010

  30. DAI: Estimated from AVHRR-based Vegetation Health Index No Data

  31. MAX 10% 20% 50% 80% DAI: UKRAINE, All

  32. Extreme Drought Area, 1991-2009

  33. Vegetation stress, June, 2008 DROUHGT-red Soil Saturation- white

  34. Soil Saturation Index (SSI)June 8-27, 2008, Midwest, USA June 8-14 June 15-21 June 22-27

  35. Area (% from a state) of saturated and flooded soilMidwestern states, USA, 2008 % MAY JUNE MAY JUNE 1 15 31 1 15 Week

  36. Web http://www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci

  37. Vegetation Health October 21, 2010

  38. Vegetation HealthOctober 21

  39. Drought & Fire RiskOctober 21, 2010 Drought Fire Risk

  40. Percent drought area in the major corn belt of BRAZIL

  41. Oct 21, 2010 VH Change fromOct 14, 2010 (A) & Oct 21, 2009 (B)

  42. Drought change on Oct 21, 2010

  43. Wheat Yield RUSSIA Russia produces 65% WW & 35% SW • Figure shows dynamics of Vegetation health (VH) • 2007 WW analogue was 2001 VH • WW yield is expected at or 1-3% below LTT or 1.9 t/ha • Figure shows dynamics of Vegetation health (VH) • 2007 SW analogue was 2001 VH • SW yield is expected 5-7% above long-term trend (LTT) Total wheat is expected at or slightly below LTT (1.96 t/ha)

  44. Mean Moisture (VCI) & Thermal (TCI) conditions for the major crop growing area of BRAZIL, 2010

  45. Vegetation Health, Soybeans area, BRAZIL

  46. VCI & TCI DynamicsSoybeans area 2010 vs 2008, BRAZIL

  47. PROBLEMS?

  48. NDVI 2010 week 40 GVI-x N18 MGVI N19 Difference

  49. BT4 2010 week 40 MGVI N18 MGVI N19 Difference

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