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Class Crustacea

Sub Phylum Mandibulata. Class Crustacea. Sub Class Malacostraca. Sub Class Copepoda. Sub Class Branchiopoda. Sub Class Cirripidea. I. Characteristics of Crustacea. Biramous appendages. Appendages are biramous Usually with gills Head Serial Homology : ant1, ant2, Mnd, Mx1 Mx2

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Class Crustacea

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  1. Sub Phylum Mandibulata Class Crustacea Sub Class Malacostraca Sub Class Copepoda Sub Class Branchiopoda Sub Class Cirripidea

  2. I. Characteristics of Crustacea Biramous appendages • Appendages are biramous • Usually with gills • Head Serial Homology : ant1, ant2, Mnd, Mx1 Mx2 • Characteristic larva is the nauplius

  3. II. Crustacean Diversity Crustaceans are grouped by the number of segments they possess in each tagma Name Region Function Comments Other names used Antennuleheadsensory 1st antennae Antennaeheadsensory 2nd antennae Mandibleheadcrushing/grinding food items jaw Maxillae headchewing /shredding food items 1 or 2 pairs Maxillipedthoraxmanipulating food items 0-3 pairs Periopodthoraxwalking, clinging as many as 5 pairs walking legs Pleopodabdomenrespiration, swim, hold offspring swimmerettes Uropod telson(last abd. segment) protection, escapetail fan Generalized biramous crustacean appendage. (Karen Osborn, UC Berkeley)

  4. A. Class Copepoda 2nd Maxilla used for feeding

  5. Copepoda -- Focus of intensive studies on suspension feeding -- Acute selection for food size, quality Acartia fed diatoms cultured in high and low nutrient conditions Feeding Vortices

  6. SubClass A. Copepoda B. Branchiopoda Most F.W., few marine “Lawn mowers of lakes” Most Marine, some F.W. Feed on microscopic algae

  7. Leptodora Branchiopoda: Bythotrephes (spiny water flea) Daphnia Cercopagis (fish hook flea)

  8. Cladocera Reproduction Cyclic Parthenogenesis Amictic Mictic

  9. Cyclomorphosis: -- morphologicalchanges in response to predators -- usually involves a developmental change that is induce by chemicals released from predator The different heads of Daphnia retrocurva Phantom midge larvae are important Daphnia predators. The Daphnia spines are long enough to reduce midge larva predation

  10. C. SubClass Malacostraca Decapoda Active lifestyle 1500 species of crabs, in every marine habitat In humid tropics adults live entirely on land

  11. I. Characteristics of Crustacea cephalothorax • Metameric segments replaced by tagma • Primitively as Head and Trunk; later head, thorax, abdomen • Five segments have fused to form the head; appendages are antennule, antenna, mandibles, 1st and 2nd maxilla • Thorax has 6-8 segments depending on the group

  12. The largest land land invertebrate: 1 m across and up to 4+ or 10 lbs

  13. “Robber” or “coconut” crab Breathe using an organ called a Branchiostegel Lung; gills are vestigial Its large size and the quality of its meat means that the coconut crab is extensively hunted and is very rare on islands with a human population. It is considered a delicacy and an aphrodisiac, and intensive hunting has threatened the species' survival in some areas.

  14. Mate on land but release larvae into the ocean- zoea are marine for about a month before molting to juvenile that temporarily picks up snail shell for protection Yellow –extinct populations Red- current populations comicvine.gamespot.com

  15. Life Cycle of the Blue Crab in the Chesapeake Bay Crab zoea

  16. States with major blue crab fishery Chesapeake 2010 catch 92 m lbs @ $2 / lb retail Female population estimated at 190 million

  17. Sartwell, Masters thesis 2009, Duke Univ.

  18. Other Notable Crustacean Fisheries Alaskan King Crab

  19. Other Crustacean Fisheries American Lobster Commercial fishery in Maine Alone: 40 million pounds up to 10 thousand licensed fishermen

  20. (2,205 lbs) Per capita consumption in U.S. is ~ 3-4 lbs; seafood 16.3 lbs More than 50% is farmed shrimp More than 80% is imported Farmed black tiger prawn Raised in estuarine coastal waters Brood stock is wild caught

  21. 1.1 billion pounds of shrimp in 2010 Or 3.5 lbs/person

  22. D. Subclass Cirripidiea Acorn barnacle Gooseneck barnacle > one thousand spp

  23. D. Subclass Cirripidiea Acorn barnacle All barnacles are marine Exclusively affixed (also on ship hulls) Live within CaCO3 shell made up of plates Head is greatly reduced Suspension feeders

  24. Barnacle feeding mode varies with velocity of flow Active Passive Suspension Feeding

  25. Life Cycle • Eggs hatch into naplius larva • Molts 6 times and turns into cypris larva • Cypris larva finds place to attach • Secretes cement from cement glands on the 1st antennae to attach • Develop into adult

  26. Pass through a planktonic nauplius then a cyprid stage before becoming affixed

  27. Parasitic (Rhizocephalan) Barnacles This is the egg mass of the parasite

  28. Rhizocephalan Infection

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