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Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds

Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds. Part 04 Reactions of Alcohols. H. H. H. H. H. H. C. H. C. C. H. C. H. C. C. H. H. H. H. OH. 1. Dehydration Reactions - water molecule is removed - double bond forms. Acid Heat

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Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Oxygen and Sulfur in Organic Compounds

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  1. Organic Chemistry Chapter 12Oxygen and Sulfurin Organic Compounds

  2. Part 04Reactions of Alcohols

  3. H H H H H H C H C C H C H C C H H H H OH 1. Dehydration Reactions - water molecule is removed - double bond forms Acid Heat Catalyst propene 1-propanol

  4. - if the dehydration can occur by the removal of different hydrogens, the hydrogen is removed from the carbon bonded to the fewest hydrogens H H H H H H H H C C C H C H C C H C C H H H OH H H H Acid Heat Catalyst 2-butene 2-butanol

  5. 2. Oxidation Reactions - oxygen is added to the compound or hydrogen is removed

  6. H H H H H H H H C C C H C O C C H C C H OH H H H H H H - primary alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes Oxidizing Agent aldehyde functional group butanal 1-butanol

  7. H H H H OH H H H H O C C H C H C C C C H C H C C H H H H H H H H H - secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones keto group Oxidizing Agent 3-pentanone 3-pentanol

  8. 3. Esterification Reactions - condensation reaction - alcohol and organic acid - one water molecule is removed between the two organic molecules - hydrogen is removed from the –OH on the alcohol - hydroxyl is removed from the acid

  9. H O H H H H C H C HO C C OH C C H H H H H H O H H H H H C C O C C C H H C H H H H H sulfuric acid dehydrating agent + 1-butanol ethanoic acid acetic acid Ester linkage H2O + butyl ethanoate butyl acetate

  10. 3. Esterification Reactions - alcohol and organic acid - methanol and propanoic acid: methyl propanoate - ethanol and butyric acid: ethyl butyrate - propanol and pentanoic acid: propyl pentanoate - butanol and hexanoic acid: butyl hexanoate - octanol and acetic acid: octyl acetate - many esters have pleasant, fruity odors

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