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Law and Government From 1790-1820. By: B.J. Overview. In this presentation I will talk about how the government we have today came into power, along with the Constitution and what the Constitution is based on. Government Organization. The Beginning.
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Law and Government From 1790-1820 By: B.J.
Overview In this presentation I will talk about how the government we have today came into power, along with the Constitution and what the Constitution is based on.
The Beginning The delegates who were putting together the new plan of Government reviewed all the civilizations that had an accurate account of government. They started with the ancient Greeks to see what worked and what needed to be changed. This way they could avoid problems in our government that other governments had.
Federalism This type of government was used because that would mean there would be a government that had charge over the nation’s matters and state governments that had power over their state. The Federal government had power over some areas but had to leave others to the states.
Rules between Governments There were some rules about what the states could do. The states could not do anything that went against the Constitution. Any problems between the states and the Federal government was settled by an overall court, the Supreme Court.
The Branches There are three branches that make up the Federal Government, the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, and the Judicial Branch. All these work together in a system called checks and balances.
Checks and Balances All three of the branches work together in the system of checks and balances. The Framers of the constitution put this in on purpose to make sure that no one branch had more power than the others. If a law wants to be passed it has to be passed by all three branches to be passed.
Legislative Branch This is the law-making branch, also known as Congress. In this branch there are two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives. To please the large and small states the smaller part, House of Representatives is regulated by population and the Senate has only two delegates from each state.
Legislative Branch cont… The powers of Congress is regulating trade, declaring war, making more money, and raise and support armies. Any decision that they make has to agree with the constitution.
Executive Branch This branch is headed by the President with the Vice-President just behind him. The President is in charge of carrying out laws and policies. He also conducts relations with foreign countries. Both the President and Vice-President are elected into four-year terms by a special group.
Executive Branch cont… The special group that elects the President and Vice-President is called the Electoral College. These are people who cast votes for their state. Each state has as many electors as they have in Congress, Senate and House of Representatives.
Judicial Branch This branch is the court system of the Federal Government. There is one Supreme Court which handles cases involving the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, or cases between states. Besides the Supreme Court there are a few more lesser courts selected by Congress.
The Constitution Why it was formed and the parts included.
Why develop the Constitution? Our first form of government, the Articles of Confederation, did not completely fulfill our newly formed country’s needs. The states didn’t work together on important matters such as finances and defense so the Framers got together to create another document to complete our needs.
Goals of the Constitution The Framers of the Constitution wanted to form a sense of unity between the states and the Federal government, establish justice, promote safety, and to secure the liberties of the people.
Principles of the Constitution The Constitution rests on seven major principles to help solve the problems of the representative government that has been formed. They were popular sovereignty, republicanism, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and individual rights.
Popular Sovereignty This was added because in the Declaration of Independence it says that the government gets its power from the governed. This is used in a similar way in the opening of the Constitution, “We the people.” It is used to reinforce the idea of the authority of the people.
Republicanism This supports the popular sovereignty of the people by letting the people elect the people that they want to be represented by. This gives the people the power to choose who they want in government.
Limited Government This part of the Constitution says that the states have some power but has to give the Federal government some power too. This was to create unity among the states. Before the states had their own government and didn’t agree or communicate so the Federal government was to break that singularity of states.
Federalism This type of government was needed because the states didn’t want to give up their power. Before the Constitution the states had their own government and were not united. This was dangerous so the Framers let each state have its government but had the Federal government in charge of some issues letting the states be in charge of others.
Separation of Power To prevent all the power to go to one branch the Framers created three branches to have power so that one branch didn’t have all the power and misuse it and have the US weaken and fall back into the hands of the British.
Checks and Balances This further protects the possible problem of the power of the government being misused. In this system all three branches have to agree on something for it to be passed. That way no one branch could pass a bad law that could ruin our economy or damage our country in some way.
Individual Rights The first ten amendments are the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights are laws that protect the rights and liberties of the people. The other 17 amendments expand on other freedoms and rights like no slavery, the right to vote, or setting a two term limit on the President.
Overview of Constitution The Constitution was based on other governments in the past. The Framers that put the Constitution together did such a good job of it that it has lasted for over 200 years.
