Creating a Republican Culture 1790-1820

1. Creating a Republican Culture1790-1820 Chapter 8

2. “If movement and the quick succession of sensations and ideas constitute life, here one lives a hundred fold more than elsewhere; here, all is circulation, motion, and boiling agitation.” Entrepreneurial Spirit • Factors of Production: “Experiment follows experiment; enterprise follows enterprise, riches and poverty follow.”

3. Banking • Government sponsored land banks and credit from suppliers • Bank of North America (1781) • Bank issued notes • Commercial loans • 1816 – $68m in banknotes in circulation • 1821 - $45m in banknotes in circulation

4. Another Revolution Affects America • Manufacturing moved from • Power-driven machinery • Specialized workers • Industrial Revolution • Social and economic reorganization • Started in Great Britain

5. Transportation • 1816 • 1831

6. The Commonwealth System • The American state legislatures passed measures they thought would be “of great public utility” and increase the “common wealth.” • Was this republican?

7. Cumberland (National Road)

8. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

9. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

10. Erie Canal System

11. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

12. Principal Canals in 1840

13. Inland Freight Rates Be careful reading the Y axis!

14. "The American System" • 1815 Madison urged Congress to develop a plan to unify the country • Henry Clay’sAmerican System: • A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit • A protective tariff (20-25%) • The Tariff of 1816 • 1st protective tariff • A network of roads and canals • Funded from tariff *President Madisonvetoed the bill to give states aid for infrastructure • Felt intrastate projects were unconstitutional  Would unite the US and make it self-sufficient

15. The Missouri Compromise • introduced the compromise that decided whether or not Missouri would be admitted as a slave state.  Congress decided to: • Admit as ain 1820 • , which was a part of Massachusetts, was to be admitted as a separate, • Therefore, there were slave states and free states • The Missouri Compromise by Congress banned slavery in the remaining territories in the Louisiana Territory north of the line of , except for Missouri.

16. Slavery and the Sectional Balance • Amendment And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been fully [duly] convicted; and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five Years.

17. The Missouri Compromise

18. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

19. The Rise of Popular Religion In France, I had almost always seen the spirit of religion and the spirit of freedom pursuing courses diametrically opposed to each other; but in America, I found that they were intimately united, and that they reigned in common over the same country… Religion was the foremost of the political institutions of the United States. -- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832

20. Charles G. Finney(1792 – 1875) The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion Converted had a duty to spread the word about personal salvation 

21. Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

22. “The Benevolent Empire”1825 - 1846

23. Second Great Awakening • 1790 into 1840s • Rejection of Calvinist idea of predestination • Emphasized individual responsibility for salvation